Kanoria Chemical & Industries Ltd vs Mr. Vijendra Kumar Jain. & Ors

Page 1 of 37 For Appellant : Mr. Aaditya Vijay Kumar, Mr. Akshit Mohan, Advocates For Respondents : Ms. Udita Singh, Advocate for R- 1/RP. Mr. Aatreya Singh, Advocate for R-2 & 3

JUDGMENT

(Date: 11.4.2023)

[Per.: Dr. Alok Srivastava, Member (Technical)]

1. This appeal has been filed by the Appellant Kanoria

Chemical & Industries Ltd. under section 61 of the Insolvency and

Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (in short 'IBC') assailing the order dated

16.4.2021 (in short 'Impugned Order') passed by the Adjudicating

Authority (National Company Law Tribunal, Mumbai Bench) in IA

No. 07/MB/2021 in CP (IB)No. 3448/MB/2018. The Adjudicating

Authority, by the Impugned Order has approved the Resolution

Plan under section 30(4) of the IBC with respect to the corporate

debtor "Transparent Energy System Pvt. Ltd.".

2. The conspectus of the case is that, on an application under

section 9 of the IBC, the corporate debtor was admitted into

Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (in short 'CIRP') vide

order dated 8.3.2019 and pursuant to the admission order a

public announcement was made on 9.3.2019 by the Internal

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 2 of 37 Resolution Professional (in short 'IRP') about the initiation of CIRP

of corporate debtor and calling upon creditors to file claims in the

CIRP. The Appellant filed its claim on 3.6.2019 and vide its

communication dated 16.6.2020 provided the Resolution

Professional Vijendra Kumar Jain with detailed computation of

principal and interest amount claimed by the Appellant along with

KYC documents.

3. The Appellant has stated that in response to the public

announcement and filing of claims in Form B vide communication

dated 3.6.2019, he received an e-mail dated 29.6.2019 from the

then Interim Resolution Professional Shri Ashish Vyas that his

claim as per books of the corporate debtor had been admitted to

the extent of Rs.16,78,510.35 as against his claim of

Rs.6,68,36,789.36. After a change in the Resolution Professional,

the Appellant received e-mail dated 21.5.2020 from the new

Resolution Professional Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain (Respondent

No.1) asking the appellant to submit excel sheet of the total claim

amount including interest calculated from the date of the

arbitration award, and also to submit copies of KYC documents,

which was done by the Appellant vide e-mail dated 16.6.2020.

Thereafter, the Appellant did not get any information about the

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 3 of 37 admitted amount of his claim from the Resolution Professional,

even though he continued to send several e-mails and reminders

to the Resolution Professional (R-1) to get an update regarding his

admitted claim. The Appellant has further stated that his legal

counsel finally received an e-mail dated 15.4.2021 from the

Resolution Professional Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain that the

resolution plan was under submission to NCLT, Mumbai Bench,

which is pending approval, but he still did not get any information

about the acceptance or otherwise of his claim in the proposed

resolution plan. He finally received a letter dated 30.4.2021 from

the Resolution Professional (R-1) informing him about the approval

of the Resolution Plan by NCLT, Mumbai on 16.4.2021 with the

portion relevant to the Appellant's claim reproduced in the said

letter.

4. We heard the arguments of the Learned Counsels of the

Appellant and Respondents and perused the record.

5. The Learned Counsel for the Appellant has argued that he is

challenging the approval of the resolution plan by the Adjudicating

Authority since the Appellant's claim, which is borne out of the

arbitral award in his favour, has not been considered in

accordance of with the provision in section 30(2)(b) of the IBC and Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 4 of 37 furthermore, the Successful Resolution Applicant was ineligible

under section 29-A of the IBC to file the resolution plan for the

resolution of the corporate debtor. The Learned Counsel for the

Appellant has further argued that after the Appellant secured an

arbitral award against the corporate debtor, he filed his claim as

an operational creditor in Form B on 3.6.2019 informing the then

Resolution Professional Shri Ashish Vyas of the details of his claim

and disclosing that since he had secured arbitral award dated

19.3.2015 for Rs.68,36,288.36, he filed an application for

execution of the arbitral award and that another application under

section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was filed

by the corporate debtor, which is pending before Commercial

Court, Vadodara. He has stated that thus, the Appellant has

made appropriate disclosure before the Resolution Professional

about the existence of the section 34 application against the

arbitral award, and he argued that since there was no stay on the

arbitral award and the Appellant had submitted the details of his

claim including a copy of the arbitral award and excel sheet

showing the total amount of claim along with KYC documents,

there was no reason for his entire claim to have been admitted. He

has further argued that the Resolution Professional vide e-mail

dated 29.6.2019 had informed him that the Appellant's claim was Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 5 of 37 admitted as per the books of the corporate debtor, and when he

received an e-mail dated 21.5.2020 from Shri Vijendra Kumar

Jain, the new Resolution Professional asking him to inform the

total claim amount including interest from the date of arbitration

award, he understood that his claim which had already been

submitted and informed about it vide e-mail dated 29.6.2019 of

the Interim Resolution Professional, and complete documents

provided by him the Resolution Professional Shri Vijendra Kumar

Jain would be admitted in full. He has added that all documents

sent by him were put in the record by the Resolution Professional

Shri Jain and therefore, his understanding that his full claim

would be admitted was not without basis.

6. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has further submitted

that on not receiving any information about the admission of his

full claim amount, he continued to pursue the matter with the

Resolution Professional through his legal counsel with follow-up e-

mails dated 17.2.2021, 2.3.2021, 7.4.2021, 14.4.2021 and

15.4.2021, but he did not receive any reply till he received an e-

mail dated 15.4.2021 when he was informed by the office of

Resolution Professional that the resolution plan had been

submitted to NCLT, Mumbai Bench, which was pending for

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 6 of 37 approval. He has added that thereafter vide a letter sent by speed

post-dated 30.4.2021, he was informed by the Resolution

Professional (R-1) that the matter of approval of the resolution

plan was finally heard by the Adjudicating Authority on 11.2.2021

and vide order dated 16.4.2021, the resolution plan was approved

and further the said communication dated 30.4.2021 included in

detail how his claim had been treated in the resolution plan.

7. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has referred to the

communication dated 30.4.2021 received from the Resolution

Professional Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain and stated that while his

claim had been admitted by the Resolution Plan on the basis of

the arbitration award, his claim was not accepted in the resolution

plan for payments on the spurious basis that is petition

challenging the award was pending before the competent court,

and therefore as was stated in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) of the

said communication dated 30.4.2021, the reasons for non-

acceptance of claim in the resolution plan were stated, which was

not in the right of the Resolution Applicant for making such

statement. He has added that the Resolution Professional, when

he examined the resolution plan submitted by the Successful

Resolution Applicant as required by section 30(2)(b) of the IBC,

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 7 of 37 should not have accepted such a statement that 'the arbitration

award is void ab initio' and that 'the entire process between the

award and distinction and unlawful'. These statements in the

resolution plan were statements without any legal bases and

therefore the Resolution Professional was duty bound to examine

the resolution plan and see that it satisfied the provision of section

30(2), which action was not diligently and dutifully taken by the

Resolution Professional.

8. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has referred to the reply

of Respondent No. 2/Successful Resolution Applicant to argue

that the resolution plan makes a distinction between various

categories of the operational creditors for making payments, which

is seen from as given in Annexure R/2-7 annexed with the reply of

R-2, and which is an extract from the approved resolution plan.

He has further argued that the basis of making categories such as

F, G, H, I, J, K and L is not explained as to what such categories

mean and why the Appellant's claim as operational creditor was

placed in category 'H' and the total amount to be paid to the

Appellant was kept as 'zero'. He has further argued that the

Resolution Professional was duty bound to ensure that his claim

should have been paid to the extent of liquidation value as

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 8 of 37 required under section 30(2)(b) and further Regulation 35 of the

CIRP Regulations enjoins that a fair and liquidation value shall be

calculated in accordance with the prescribed and transparent

procedure. He has further referred to the Impugned Order,

wherein paragraph 9 shows payments to be made for various

stakeholders/creditors and all the operational creditors who have

filed their claims, which are admitted, have been clubbed

together. He has further contended that the new management of

the corporate debtor after successful resolution was headed and

represented by Shri Ashok Atre and others, who were part of the

Board of Directors of the corporate debtor when it went under

CIRP. He has further pointed out to paragraph 17 of the

Impugned Order to contend that there is no indication as to how

the Adjudicating Authority was satisfied that the resolution plan

complied with the requirement of section 30(2)(b) of the IBC and

Regulations 37 and 38 of CIRP Regulations since the payments to

various categories of operational after their unexplained

categorisation was not in accordance with law.

9. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has referred to the

judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of

Committee of Creditors of Essar Steels v. Satish Kumar Gupta

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 9 of 37 [CA 8766-67/2019] and Swiss Ribbons vs. Union of India & Ors

[(2019 4 SCC 17] to point out that the operational creditors

cannot be differentiated when they are from same class and those

operational creditors who had filed claims which were admitted

should have been given payments at least equal to the liquidation

value, and therefore payments to different classes of operational

creditors have not been in a fair and equitable manner. He has

further argued that the R-3 is the promoter and director of R-2,

who stood disqualified under sections 164 and 167 of The

Companies Act, 2013 and therefore the reins of the corporate

debtor could not have been given in the hands of such disqualified

persons after insolvency resolution of the corporate debtor.

10. The Learned Counsel for R-2 and R-3 has focused his

arguments on the contention that various judgments allow

categorisation and classification between operational creditors on

the basis of rational criteria. He has cited the case of Gail India

Ltd. vs. Ajay Joshi, RP of Alok Industries and Ors.

[MANU/NL/0437/2021] decided on 4.10.2021, wherein this

Tribunal has held that there is no embargo on the classification of

operational creditors into separate/different classes for deciding

the way in which the money is to be distributed, as such an action

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 10 of 37 would be covered within 'Collective Commercial Wisdom' of the

Committee of Creditors. The relevant observation in this judgment

is as hereunder:-

"72. In reality, there is no embargo for the classification of Operational creditor(5) into separate/different classes for deciding the way in which the money is to be distributed to them by the 'Committee of Creditors' because of the fact, undoubtedly, they do have the subjective final discretion of 'Collective Commercial Wisdom' in relation to (1) The amount to be paid (2) The quantum of money to be paid, to a certain category or the incidental category of creditors, of course, nicely balancing the interests of the 'Stakeholders' and the 'Operational Creditors', as the case may be. Suffice it for this Tribunal to pertinently make a significant mention that it cannot be lost sight of that the 'Appellant's' claim is not relatable to the supply of goods or services so as to keep the 'Corporate Debtor' as a 'Going Concern'. It is to be remembered that the "Appellant' had commenced 'Arbitration proceedings' in regard to its claim emanating from the 'Gas Sale Agreement'. In fact, the 'Appellant's' claim pertains to supposed obligation to pay for goods, even where, these were not made use of as "take or pay obligation'. Looking at from any angle, the impugned order dated 08.03.2019 passed by the Adjudicating Authority (National Company Law Tribunal), Ahmedabad Bench in dismissing the I.A. 41/2019 in IA 259/2018 (filed by the Applicant for Appellant) in CP (IB) 48/2017 does not suffer from any material irregularity or patent illegality in the eye of Law. Resultantly the instant 'Appeal' sans merits."

11. The Learned Counsel for R-2 and R-3 has also referred to

the judgment of this Tribunal in the matter of Excel Engineering

& Ors. vs. Vivek Murlidhar Dabhade, RP of New Phaltan Sugar

Works Ltd. & Ors. [MANU/NL/0884/2022], wherein this

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 11 of 37 Tribunal has held that there is no embargo on the classification of

operational creditors who can be classified into separate and

different classes and that operational creditors were paid as per

section 30(20(b) of the Code coupled with Regulation 38 of the

Corporate Insolvency Process Regulations. He has also referred to

Hon'ble Supreme Court's judgment in the matter of Bank of

Baroda & Ors. vs. MBL Infrastructures Limited & Ors.

[MANU/SC/0060/2022], wherein it is held that once the

resolution plan approved by the Adjudicating Authority has been

implemented substantially, then in the interest of a large number

of shareholders and thousands of employees, the process should

not be disturbed, so that on-going operations of the corporate

debtor for resolution of the corporate debtor can continue.

12. The Learned Counsel for R-1 has defended the action taken

by Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain (R-1) stating that he took over as

Resolution Professional in February 2020, whereafter he sent e-

mail dated 21.5.2020 asking for details of the claim from the

Appellant, and this establishes the bonafide of R-1 in dealing with

the claim of the Appellant. She has further claimed that the

Information Memorandum included an amount of Rs.11,46,28,813

as admitted claim of the Appellant and this claim was considered

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 12 of 37 and included in the proposed resolution plan, which was to

provide 'zero' payment to the Appellant, this resolution plan was

approved by the Committee of Creditors and the Adjudicating

Authority. She has further referred to the fair and liquidation

value of the corporate debtor done by a registered valuer, which

was Rs. 15,29,34,330 and Rs.11,43,51,143 respectively, and this

information is included in the additional affidavit filed by R-1 in

paragraph 4 (additional affidavit submitted vide dy. No. 41799

dated 9.12.2022). On this basis, she has claimed that there is no

malafide action on the part of R-1 and all the facts were put up

before the Resolution Applicant through the Information

Memorandum, and the proposed resolution plan was considered

and approved by the Committee of Creditors in its commercial

wisdom.

13. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has argued in rejoinder

that if a fair and liquidation value of the corporate debtor was so

small as is claimed by the Resolution Professional, how was it

possible that other operational creditors received reasonable

payments, whereas the Appellant received 'zero' payment.

14. The following issues arise for decision in the present

appeal:-

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 13 of 37

(i) Whether the treatment of the claim of the Appellant filed in

pursuance of the arbitral award was done inappropriately in

the resolution plan and thereafter approved by the

Adjudicating Authority in accordance with law?

(ii) Whether the Successful Resolution Applicant, which is

represented by the same persons, who were also part of the

Board of Directors of the corporate debtor which went into

CIRP, were ineligible to submit a resolution plan as per

section 29-A of the IBC?

(iii) Whether R-1 failed his duty to communicate admitted claim

amount of the Appellant to him during the CIRP and also in

the examination of the submitted resolution plan before its

approval by the Adjudicating Authority?

15. We note that the resolution plan includes the following in

respect of payments to be made to the operational creditors:-

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 14 of 37 (Note: Reproduced from page 47 of R-2's Reply Affidavit)

16. The payments that were approved to be made to operational

and financial creditors is included in Annexure R/2-7 (page 67 of

R-2's Reply Affidavit) which is as follows:-

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 15 of 37 Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 16 of 37

17. In addition to the above, the following was communicated by

the Resolution Professional/R-1 vide his letter dated 30.4.2021 to

the Appellant which is essentially about the manner in which the

claim of the Appellant was treated in the resolution plan:-

"Quote

On 11th November, 2002, Kanoria Chemicals and Industries Ltd. (KCIL) proceeded against TESPL, by invoking Arbitration for adjudication of the dispute in respect of the agreement for supply of Multi Stage Evaporators. The basic grievance was the alleged non-performance of the plant resulting in claims for return of amount paid, damages, reimbursement of additional costs incurred along with interest. The purported claim was of an amount of Rs.947.42 lakhs as against the value of the Plant in question was only Rs. 134 Lacs.

TESPL defended the claims of KCIL by proving the inability of the KCIL to provide feed or inputs as per contractual specifications. TESPL also filed counterclaims for recovery of balance 10% payment and other damages. The dispute is for non-performance of the effluent treatment plant (Multi Stage Evaporators) supplied by TESPL. The arbitration award of Rs. 668 Lacs plus future interest was pronounced against TESPL, in May 2015 unlawfully by only two arbitrators when the third arbitrator had resigned and his post was vacant. TESPL challenged the award under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 in District Court at Ankleshwar in 2015 on numerous grounds including the patent illegality and deficiency in the process of making the award only by the two arbitrators. A copy of the petition of TESPL for challenging the award is enclosed as Annexure D. The award challenge petition was transferred to Vadodara Commercial Court in 2017 due to introduction on Commercial Courts and in 2019 it has been remanded back to District Court of Ankleshwar District Courts due to dissolution of Commercial Courts in Gujarat.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 17 of 37 In 2018, Kanoria Chemicals has filed application for execution of award before Pune Civil Court and it is pending for hearing. In the month of June 2019, TESPL received claim as per IBC code from KCIL and it was forwarded to the IRP who was then in-charge. The updated Information Memorandum received by the Resolution Applicant (RA) on 28.05.2020 includes the claim from KCIL with a specific remark about pending award challenge petition. The said claim has been admitted by the Resolution Professional (R) based on the arbitration award, pending the petition from the Corporate Debtor (CD) for challenging the award before Competent Court.

The RA, being fully aware of the facts of the dispute between TESPL and KCIL, has considered this claim on the following background -

a) The basis of the claim is the arbitration award which has been challenged by TESPL and the challenge petition is pending.

b) The arbitration award is void ab initio as it has been made by two arbitrators after resignation of third arbitrator and without following the mandatory process of deliberations among the members of the arbitral tribunal.

c) The entire process of making the award has been defective and unlawful.

d) The outgoing arbitrator, in his letter of resignation, had specifically elaborated about the blatantly defective award making process followed by the other two arbitrators and the resultant miscarriage of justice as grounds for his resignation.

e) The basic value of contract (excluding taxes and duties) for supply of Multistage Evaporators was only Rs. 134 Lacs.

f) The liability of TESPL for non-performance of plant was capped at 10% of the contract value and KCIL has already held back this amount with itself during the course of the contract.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 18 of 37

g) KCIL, in spite of being the beneficiary of the award, has not shown any initiative in early hearing and disposal of the award challenge petition from TESPL

h) On the other hand, KCIL has shown undue initiative in pursuing the application for execution of award pending award challenge petition.

The RA, in light of the above facts, has given NIL value to this claim in the Resolution Plan.

Further the RA submits that it will write off the amount of 16,78,510.00 appearing as receivable from its books and the RA will also be entitled to omit the contingent liability appearing in the latest Annual Report of the CD on account of this litigation.

All the rights of KCIL with regard to their claims against TESPL would stand exhausted on approval of the resolution plant by the Adjudicating Authority (AA).

All the pending legal proceedings between KCIL and TESPL will stand dismissed/ disposed of on approval of the resolution plant the AA. KCIL has filed execution application before Civil Court, Pune. This application will stand dismissed disposed of as explained above

Unquote"

18. Admittedly, the Appellant submitted his claim in 'Form B' to

the Resolution Professional vide communication dated 3.6.2019

(attached at pp. 141-147 of the Appeal Paperbook), wherein the

Appellant has made a clear disclosure that his claim pertains to

an arbitration award dated 19.3.2015 and that an execution

application thereof is filed by the Appellant and also an Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 19 of 37 application under section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation

Act, 1996 filed by the corporate debtor were pending

adjudication. Therefore, it is clear that the Appellant made a clear

disclosure about the arbitration award as well as the pendency of

execution application and application under section 34 filed by

the corporate debtor. We also note that there is no 'stay' in any of

the two proceedings as stated above. We also note that vide e-

mail dated 29.6.2019, the claim of the Appellant to the extent of

Rs.16,78,510.35 was stated to be admitted as per books of the

corporate debtor and thereafter by an e-mail dated 21.5.2020 sent

by R-1, details about the claim made by the Appellant were

sought from the appellant, whereafter the appellant submitted all

related documents along with Excel sheet showing the calculation

of the total amount claimed alongwith KYC documents vide e-mail

dated 16.6.2020 (attached at page 151 of the appeal paperbook).

Thereafter, we note five e-mails sent by the Appellant or his legal

counsel between 17.2.2021 and 15.4.2021 (attached at pp. 153-

155 of the appeal paperbook) clearly showing the Appellant's

concern about the precise amount admitted in his claim and also

that he was pursuing the matter with the Resolution Professional

quite regularly. It is also noted that in response to all these email

communications, R-1 replied through email dated 15.4.2021 that Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 20 of 37 the resolution plan was under submission and consideration of

the Adjudicating Authority. The facts stated by both the rival

parties and emails on record make it amply clear that R-1 did not

communicate to the appellant the precise quantum of his

admitted claim, which he was required to do under CIRP

Regulations.

19. We finally note that through a letter dated 30.4.2021 sent

by the Resolution Professional (R-1) by speed post to the

Appellant, he was informed about the approval of the resolution

plan extracting the manner in which the claim of the Appellant

was dealt with in the approved resolution plan, and this extract

has been reproduced in an earlier paragraph in this judgment.

20. On examining the various e-mail communications

exchanged between the earlier Successful resolution Professional

and R-1 and the Appellant, it is clear from the e-mail sent by Shri

Ashish Vyas the then Resolution Professional on 29.6.2019 that

the claim of the Appellant to the extent of Rs.16,78,15,035 was

admitted in the CIRP. Thereafter, there was change in the

Resolution Professional and by another e-mail dated 21.5.2020

sent by the Resolution Professional/R-1 Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain

it is seen quite clearly that he sought details of the claim amount Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 21 of 37 and its quantum, along with KYC particulars, which were sent by

the Appellant. The same e-mail also notes that 'on scrutiny of

claims list of corporate debtor, I could observe that your claim

has not been admitted". It is, therefore, not logical for the

Resolution Professional R-1 to have stated in email dated

21.5.2020 that once a claim, even though of reduced amount

than what was claimed in Form B, was admitted and the matter

was informed by the erstwhile Interim Resolution Professional

Ashish Vyas, that the Appellant's claim had not been admitted.

while we would like to give the benefit of doubt to R-1 on this

score on the basis that with the change of the Resolution

Professional perhaps the documents and papers were not

transferred in full or in time to R-1 from the previous resolution

Professional, yet we are of the view that once the Appellant had

submitted complete details about the arbitration award, and the

calculation of claimed amount in excel sheet and KYC documents,

the admitted amount of the claim should have been

communicated to the Appellant, while observing so, we are

conscious of the fact that the appellant sent several emails in

follow-up to the Resolution Professional. The work of updating

and verification and final determination of the amount of claims is

to be done by the Resolution Professional as per Regulations 12, Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 22 of 37 12A, 13 and 14 of the CIRP Regulations. The list of creditors shall

be maintained by the Resolution Professional and made available

to the persons filing the claims in accordance with sub-regulation

(2) of Regulation 13 and based on the record submitted by the

parties it is clear that the Appellant could not get to know the

amount of his claim finally admitted by the Resolution

Professional despite continuous follow-up. The Resolution

Professional has clearly failed in his duty in this regard.

21. We note that Hon'ble Supreme Court has held in the matter

of Swiss Ribbons (supra) that different classes of creditors is

allowed, but there should be a rational basis for differentiation of

classes. The relevant portion of the judgment is as hereunder:-

"45. Quite apart from this, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, in its Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law [―UNCITRAL Guidelines‖] recognizes the importance of ensuring equitable treatment to similarly placed creditors and states as follows:

"Ensuring equitable treatment of similarly situated creditors"

7. The objective of equitable treatment is based on the notion that, in collective proceedings, creditors with similar legal rights should be treated fairly, receiving a distribution on their claim in accordance with their relative ranking and interests. This key objective recognizes that all creditors do not need to be treated identically, but in a manner that reflects the different bargains they have struck with the debtor. This is less relevant as a defining factor where there is no specific debt contract with the debtor, such as in the case of damage claimants (e.g. for environmental damage) and tax authorities. Even though the principle of equitable treatment may be Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 23 of 37 modified by social policy on priorities and give way to the prerogatives pertaining to holders of claims or interests that arise, for example, by operation of law, it retains its significance by 12 UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law ensuring that the priority accorded to the claims of a similar class affects all members of the class in the same manner. The policy of equitable treatment permeates many aspects of an insolvency law, including the application of the stay or suspension, provisions to set aside acts and transactions and recapture value for the insolvency estate, classification of claims, voting procedures in reorganization and distribution mechanisms. An insolvency law should address problems of fraud and favouritism that may arise in cases of financial distress by providing, for example, that acts and transactions detrimental to equitable treatment of creditors can be avoided.

46. The NCLAT has, while looking into viability and feasibility of resolution plans that are approved by the committee of creditors, always gone into whether operational creditors are given roughly the same treatment as financial creditors, and if they are not, such plans are either rejected or modified so that the operational creditors' rights are safeguarded. It may be seen that a resolution plan cannot pass muster under Section 30(2)(b) read with Section 31 unless a minimum payment is made to operational creditors, being not less than liquidation value. Further, on 05.10.2018, Regulation 38 has been amended. Prior to the amendment, Regulation 38 read as follows:

―38. Mandatory contents of the resolution plan.--

(1) A resolution plan shall identify specific sources of funds that will be used to pay the--

(a) insolvency resolution process costs and provide that the [insolvency resolution process costs, to the extent unpaid, will be paid] in priority to any other creditor;

(b) liquidation value due to operational creditors and provide for such payment in priority to any financial creditor which shall in any event be made before the expiry of thirty days after the approval of a resolution plan by the Adjudicating Authority; and

(c) liquidation value due to dissenting financial creditors and provide that such payment is made before any

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 24 of 37 recoveries are made by the financial creditors who voted in favour of the resolution plan.‖

Post amendment, Regulation 38 reads as follows: ―38. Mandatory contents of the resolution plan.--

(1) The amount due to the operational creditors under a resolution plan shall be given priority in payment over financial creditors.

(1-A) A resolution plan shall include a statement as to how it has dealt with the interests of all stakeholders, including financial creditors and operational creditors, of the corporate debtor.

xxx xxx xxx‖

47. The aforesaid Regulation further strengthens the rights of operational creditors by statutorily incorporating the principle of fair and equitable dealing of operational creditors' rights, together with priority in payment over financial creditors."

It is evident from the above observation of Hon'ble Supreme Court

in the matter of Swiss Ribbons(supra) that equitable treatment

should be meted out to financial and operational creditors in the

insolvency resolution of a company. This judgment establishes a

basic requirement in insolvency resolution, but it is

distinguishable as in the present case, different categories have

been stipulated from amongst operational creditors. The basis of

such categorization is not clearly spelt out, and moreover the

Appellant which has filed claim on the basis of an arbitral award

has been given 'zero' payment even though there is no 'stay' or

varying of the arbitral award.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 25 of 37

22. We further note that the resolution plan includes a number

of categories of operational creditors as listed in the "Summary of

Payments" and these categories are labelled as F, G, H, I, J, K and

L (page 67 of reply affidavit of R-2), but there is neither any

explanation nor any legend to explain or clarify what these

categories mean or are respond to. The extensive quote from the

approved resolution plan regarding the manner in which the claim

of the Appellant was dealt with in the resolution plan which is

contained in R-1's letter dated 30.4.2021 is shocking, to put it

mildly. This extract in the resolution plan goes into detail about

the arbitration proceedings and goes on to claim that "the

arbitration award of Rs.6.68 lakhs plus future interest was

pronounced against TESPL in May, 2015 unlawfully by only two

arbitrators, when the third arbitrator has resigned and his post

was vacant." The objectionable portion in resolution plan which

relates to the manner in which Appellant's claim was dealt with,

further goes on to state as follows:-

"The RA, being fully aware of the facts of the dispute between TESPL and KCIL, has considered this claim on the following background -

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 26 of 37

a) The basis of the claim is the arbitration award which has been challenged by TESPL and the challenge petition is pending.

b) The arbitration award is void ab initio as it has been made by two arbitrators after resignation of third arbitrator and without following the mandatory process of deliberations among the members of the arbitral tribunal.

c) The entire process of making the award has been defective and unlawful.

d) The outgoing arbitrator, in his letter of resignation, had specifically elaborated about the blatantly defective award making process followed by the other two arbitrators and the resultant miscarriage of justice as grounds for his resignation.

xx xx xx xx

The RA, in light of the above facts, has given NIL value to this claim in the Resolution Plan.

xx xx xx xx

All the rights of KCIL with regard to their claims against TESPL would stand exhausted on approval of the resolution plant by the Adjudicating Authority (AA)."

23. It is thus clear the Successful Resolution Applicant, which is

represented by the same persons, which were on the Board of

Directors of the corporate debtor under CIRP, has gone ahead and

made a legal analysis about the arbitration process which it

certainly did not have the jurisdiction or right to do so. To say

that the arbitration award is 'void ab initio' and 'the entire process

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 27 of 37 of making the ward is defective and unlawful' is abrogating the

authority which is only available to a court of competent

jurisdiction. These comments are not only prejudicial but also

smack of an illegal attempt to deny to the Appellant his lawful and

just claim. We note that the Successful Resolution Applicant is

represented by the same persons who were on the Board of

Directors of the corporate debtor, which went into insolvency

resolution. While it is potently objectionable and completely

undesirable for a prospective resolution Applicant to make such

comments about a valid judicial process, who find it surprising

that these comments escaped the eyes of R-1, the Resolution

Professional, and the Adjudicating Authority when examining the

resolution plan under section 30(2)(b). We are, therefore, of the

view that the Resolution Professional R-1 failed in his duty by not

pointing out such objectionable comments when placing the

Resolution Plan for consideration of Committee of Creditors and

the Adjudicating Authority. We are of the view that the portion of

the resolution plan as extracted in para 17 of this judgment is fit

to be deleted from the Approved Resolution Plan.

24. We also take note of the requirement of section 30 (2)(b) of

IBC, whereby the fair and liquidation value of the corporate debtor Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 28 of 37 is to be considered while deciding on the payments to be made to

various classes and categories of creditors. Moreover, if the

operational creditors are classified in different categories, as is

seen from the "Summary of Payments" table in the approved

resolution plan and the basis of such categorisation has to be

made explicitly clear which is not apparent from the record

submitted before us. It is also clear that categories F, G and I of

the operational creditors have been made some payments, whereas

category H has been provided 'zero' payment. Looking at the

claims of operational creditors such as Pawan Agency, Mattes

Engineering GmbH, Solutions Techniques, Rudra Enterprises and

Mr. J.G. Pendse, we note that even their claims were admitted, but

the record submitted by R-1 does not make clear as to what

amount or percentage of their admitted claims these operational

creditors were paid, but it is clear that these operational creditors

were paid some amount which was more than 'zero'. Since there

was no stay in the execution proceedings or any order of the

competent court regarding varying the arbitration award insofar as

the arbitral award in favour of response to section 34 application,

we are of the view that the Appellant should be paid appropriately,

and looking to the facts of this case and submitted documents, it

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 29 of 37 should be the highest of the percentages (of admitted claim) that

the operational creditors F, G and I categories have been paid.

25. In the present case, the said judgment is distinguished on

the basis that the Appellant did not deserve 'zero' payment since

the arbitration award by the competent court was neither

quashed, stayed or varied, as there was no contrary order against

the award, and therefore his claim should have been appropriately

admitted by the resolution Professional and considered for

payment in the approved resolution plan.

26. We peruse the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in

the matter of Bank of Baroda & Ors. (supra), which is as under:-

"61. Having held so, we would like to come to the last part of our order. Though the very resolution plan submitted by the Respondent No. 3, being ineligible is not maintainable, much water has flown under the bridge. The requisite percentage of voting share has been achieved. We may also note that the percentage has been brought down from 75% to 66% by way of an amendment to Section 30(4) of the Code.

63. We need to take note of the interest of over 23,000 shareholders and thousands of employees of the Respondent No. 1. Now, about Rs. 300 crores has also been approved by the shareholders to be raised by the Respondent No. 1. It is stated that about Rs. 63 crores has been infused into the Respondent No. 1 to make it functional."

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 30 of 37

27. We note that corporate debtor is now being run by the

Successful Resolution Applicant since the approval of the

resolution plan on 16.4.2021 by the Adjudicating Authority and it

has been almost two years since the transfer of the corporate

debtor to the Successful Resolution Applicant, it would not be

appropriate to unravel the entire process starting from the

approval of the resolution plan to now.

28. We also take note of the following two judgments cited by

the Learned Counsel for Respondents No. 2 and 3:-

(i) "Gail India Ltd. Vs. Ajay Joshi RP of Alok Industries Ltd. and Ors.(supra)

(ii) Excel Engineering and Ors.(supra)

Both the above judgments of this Tribunal are distinguished on

the basis of the fact while the judgments correctly held, there is

no embargo for the classification of operational creditors into

separate/different classes for deciding the way in which the

money is to be distributed to them by the Committee of Creditors.

In the facts of the present case, this judgment is distinguishable

on the basis that the Appellant Kanoria Chemical & Industries

Ltd. was kept in a separate category and approved payment of

'zero' amount only on the basis of an incorrect classification.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 31 of 37

29. The Learned Counsel for Appellant has raised the issue that

Shri Ashok Atre, who was heading the Board of Directors of the

corporate debtor before it went into insolvency resolution is now

disqualified as per sections 164 and 167 of the Companies Act,

2013 and therefore, the management of the company after

insolvency resolution cannot be handed over to the same person.

We pursued sections 164 and 167 of the Companies Act, 2013.

Section 164 lays down conditions under which a person shall not

be eligible for appointment as director of a company. It is clear

that Shri Ashok Atre is himself neither of unsound mind nor an

undischarged insolvent and also that he is not convicted or

disqualified by any court or tribunal to hold the office of a director

of a company. The section 167 gives the conditions in which the

office of director shall become vacant and noticeably Shri Ashok

Atre has not vacated the office of director under any of the

conditions mentioned in section 167 of the Companies Act, 2013.

We further notice section 240-A of the IBC, which is as follows:-

"240-A. Application of this Code to micro, small and medium enterprises. - (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Code, the provisions of clauses (c) and (h) of section 29A shall not apply to the resolution applicant in respect of corporate insolvency resolution process or pre-packaged insolvency resolution process of any micro, small and medium enterprises.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 32 of 37 (2) Subject to sub-section (1), the Central Government may, in the public interest, by notification, direct that any of the provisions of this Code shall--

(a) not apply to micro, small and medium enterprises; or (b) apply to micro, small and medium enterprises,

with such modifications as may be specified in the notification.

(3) A draft of every notification proposed to be issued under subsection (2), shall be laid before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions.

(4) If both Houses agree in disapproving the issue of notification or both Houses agree in making any modification in the notification, the notification shall not be issued or shall be issued only in such modified form as may be agreed upon by both the Houses, as the case may be.

(5) The period of thirty days referred to in sub-section (3) shall not include any period during which the House referred to in sub-section (4) is prorogued or adjourned for more than four consecutive days.

(6) Every notification issued under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is issued, before each House of Parliament.

Explanation.-- For the purposes of this section, the expression "micro, small and medium enterprises" means any class or classes of enterprises classified as such under sub- section (1) of section 7 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (27 of 2006) ."

Further, section 238 of the IBC lays down that the provisions of

IBC shall have effect, notwithstanding anything inconsistent

therewith contained in any other law in force or any instrument Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 33 of 37 having effect by virtue of any such law. Quite clearly, the

operation of section 238 of IBC shall be applicable to micro, small

or medium enterprise and thus section 240-A shall come into play.

Section 240-A prescribes that the provision of clauses (c) and (h) of

section 29-A shall not apply to resolution applicant in respect of

CIRP of any MSME, admittedly the corporate debtor in the present

case is a MSME and this fact is not disputed by the Appellant.

Therefore, any order view clauses (c) and (h) of section 29-A of the

IBC shall not apply in respect of a resolution applicant in the

present CIRP of the corporate debtor, and therefore, there is no

disqualification or ineligibility attached to Shri Ashoke Atre or any

member of the previous management of the corporate debtor in

playing as a prospective resolution applicant in the CIRP of the

corporate debtor.

30. On the basis of discussion in the aforesaid paragraphs, we

decided the three issues stated in paragraph 14 of this judgment

as follows:-

(i) The Appellant was incorrectly classified as an operational

creditor with payment of 'zero' amount on the basis of

prejudicial and objectionable analysis of arbitration process Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 34 of 37 by Successful Resolution Applicant as stated in the

Resolution Plan. Therefore, the Applicant should be paid an

amount equal to the amount permissible to the operational

creditor receiving maximum percentage of payment against

admitted claim, from among all the various categories of

operational creditors in the resolution plan.

(ii) The Successful Resolution Applicant was entitled to submit

a resolution plan, since it is permitted under section 240-A

of the IBC to submit a resolution plan in respect of the

corporate debtor, which is an MSME.

(iii) We are, therefore, of the view that the comments made in

the resolution plan which has been quoted from pages 62 to

65 of the reply affidavit of R-2 are completely uncalled for

and are liable to be deleted from the approved resolution

plan.

(iv) The Resolution Professional Shri Vijendra Kumar Jain

should have been more dutiful and alert in responding to

various e-mails of the Appellant regarding admitted amount

of his claim, and further he should have brought the Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 35 of 37 objectionable comments made by the Successful Resolution

Applicant regarding the arbitration award in the arbitration

process which was included in the resolution plan to the

notice of Committee of Creditors as also the Adjudicating

Authority, which he failed to do so, and therefore he is

reprimanded regarding this failure in the call of his duty.

(v) In view of the fact that due to incorrect and prejudicial

treatment of the Appellant's claim by the successful

resolution applicant in the resolution plan, the Appellant

had to engage in unnecessary litigation to get his just due,

we order that a litigation cost of rupees One Lakh shall be

paid by Successful resolution applicant to the Appellant

within 30 days of this order and submit an affidavit

regarding the payment before this Tribunal.

31. The above-mentioned directions shall be complied with

within 30 (thirty) days of this judgment, and R-1, the erstwhile

Resolution Professional shall ensure compliance of direction (i)

above.

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 36 of 37

32. With the above-stated directions, we allow the appeal and

dispose it off accordingly.

[Justice Rakesh Kumar] Member (Judicial)

[Dr. Alok Srivastava] Member (Technical)

New Delhi 11th April, 2023

/aks/

Company Appeal (AT) (Ins) No. 618 of 2021 & I.A. No. 1647 of 2021 Page 37 of 37