Anapurna Jaiswal vs Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. And Ors.

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.6119 OF 2021 (Arising out of SLP (C) No.36767 OF 2016)

ANAPURNA JAISWAL APPELLANT(s)

VERSUS

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD. AND ORS. Respondent(s)

J U D G M E N T

K.M. JOSEPH, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. An advertisement was published on 12.10.2011 by the respondent

inviting applications for grant of dealership of petrol pumps. The

appellant made her application on 11.11.2011. On the basis of the

evaluation done, the appellant was placed in the first position.

While so it appears that on the basis of complaint, the matter was

looked into and order dated 12.11.2014 came to be issued by which

the respondent took the view that the lease dated 08.11.2011 which

was the foundation for the offer made by the appellant would

commence from the date of approval of the petrol outlet. This meant Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Charanjeet kaur Date: 2021.10.04 that the possession over the premises did not amount to a lease and 16:53:29 IST Reason:

on the date of the execution of the lease deed the lease had not

come into force. The lease deed was more like a firm offer than

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owned proposition. Thereafter, on 12.12.2014 the appellant got a

rectification/ clarificatory deed registered. Four representations

were made by the appellant. The corporation rejected by order dated

25.02.2015 the request. This led to the Writ Petition, which stood

dismissed by the impugned order.

3. We heard Ms. Kamini Jaiswal, learned counsel for the

appellant and Ms. Priya Puri, learned counsel for the respondent-

corporation.

4. Learned counsel for the appellant would take us to through the

lease deed dated 08.11.2011 which was registered on the same day

and point out that under the lease deed possession was handed over

to the appellant by the lessor on 08.11.2011 itself. In this

regard, she sought support from clause 7 of the said lease deed

which reads as follow: -

“7. That, in case, the petrol pump is not approved, then, the second party shall have to hand over the land transferred on rent to the first party.”

She would, therefore, point out that the lease deed had come

into effect on 08.11.2011. Clause 1 reads as follow: -

“1. That, the period of this lease-deed will be 30 years, which shall take into account w.e.f. date of approval of petrol pump.”

5. She pointed out that this cannot detract from the lease coming

into being in law on 08.11.2011. The lease bearing life from

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08.11.2011 is consistent with and supported by the fact that the

appellant derived possession on the said date under the said lease

deed. In this regard, she also drew our attention to Section 47 of

The Indian Registration Act, 1908 which reads as follows: -

“47. Time from which registered document operates. - A registered document shall operate from the time which it would have commenced to operate if no registration thereof had been required or made, and not from the time of registration.”

6. She would further point out that the action of dislodging the

appellant from the first position she has rightfully earned was

based on an alleged complaint. She pointed out with reference to

the document at page 117A produced along with the rejoinder

affidavit, that it is a clear case where the complaint is sprung up

which is not genuine which can be seen from the fact that after

serial No. 333 in place of serial No.334, serial No.335 is over

written.

7. Per contra, Ms. Priya Puri, learned counsel for the

respondent-corporation supported the impugned judgment. She would

point out that letter of intent has already been issued in terms of

the decision which is upheld by the High Court in favour of another

party. However, on the basis of the order of status quo passed by

this Court, effect could not be given to the decision.

8. The appellant undoubtedly secured 85.93 marks. A part of the

85.93 marks is attributable to 35 marks which she derived on the

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basis of her being a lessee under lease deed dated 08.11.2011 which

we have adverted to. The relevant provision under which marks were

awarded in this regard to her reads as follow: -

Parameter Sub- Description Max Evaluation heads Marks Capability to provide Suitable “……..” 35 Based on land and land for verifying infrastructure/facilities retail ‘B’ site the (Max. 35 marks applicable outlet Having clear documents to individual and non- title to land submitted individual) “own and land”/Registered evaluation sales deed of /having land on committee long lease as (registered) for explained a minimum period in Pt.14 of 19 years 11 and 15 months as on below.

date of application.

‘…. ‘ 25

‘B’ site Having “firm offer” of land for purpose/long lease

9. The learned counsel for the appellant would point out that the

lease deed in fact was for the period of 30 years and, therefore,

the lease deed was fully compliant with the requirement. In fact,

it was much more as the required period was 19 years and 11 months

whereas the lease in her favour was for a period of 30 years.

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10. However, this is not to be the end of the inquiry. The

requirement under the clause is that to earn 35 marks the applicant

must have inter alia a long lease (Registered for a minimum period

of 19 years and 11 months as on the date of the application). What

has weighed with the corporation in deciding to dislodge the

appellant from the first position is that the lease dated

08.11.2011 was to become operative only from the date of the

approval of the petrol pump. In other words, there was no lease

deed in effect as on the date of the application which is

admittedly 11.11.2011.

Section 5 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 read as

follow: -

5. “Transfer of property” defined- In the following sections “transfer of property” means an act by which a living person conveys property, in present or in future, to one or more other living persons, or to himself, [or to himself] and one or more other living persons; and “to transfer property” is to perform such act.

11. This provision has been subject matter of discussion by this

Court and we need only refer to Jugalkishore Saraf v. M/s. Raw

Cotton Co. Ltd., AIR 1955 SC 376. Therein in his concurring opinion

Justice Bhagwati held:

“The words “in present or in future” qualify the word “conveys” and not the word “property” in the section and it has been held that a transfer of property that is not in existence operates as a contract to be performed in the future which may be specifically enforced as soon as the property comes into existence.

As was observed by the Privy Council in 12 Moo Ind

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App 275 (PC) (E):

“But how can there be any transfer, actual or constructive, upon a contract under which the vendor sells that of which he has not possession, and to which he may never establish a title? The bill of sale in such a case can only be evidence of a contract to be performed ‘in future’, and upon the happening of a contingency, of which the purchaser may claim a specific performance, if he comes into Court shewing that he has himself done all that he was bound to do.” It is only by the operation of the equitable principle that as soon as the property comes into existence and is capable of being identified, equity taking as done that which ought to be done fastens upon the property and the contract to assign thus becomes a complete equitable assignment. In the case of a decree to be passed in the future therefore there could be no assignment of the decree unless and until the decree was passed and the agreement to assign fastened on the decree and thus became a complete equitable assignment. The decree not being in existence at the date of the transfer cannot be said to have been transferred by the assignment in writing and the matter resting merely in a contract to be performed in the future which may be specifically enforced as soon as the decree was passed there would be no transfer automatically in favour of the “transferee” of the decree when passed. It would require a further act on the part of the “transferor” to completely effectuate the transfer and if he did not do so the only remedy of the “transferee” would be to sue for specific performance of the contract to transfer.”

12. Section 105 specifically deals with lease of immovable

property, and it reads as follows: -

“105. Lease defined- A lease of immovable property

is a transfer of a right to enjoy such property, made for a certain time, express or implied, or in perpetuity, in consideration of a price paid or

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promised, or of money, a share of crops, service or any other thing of value, to be rendered periodically or on specified occasions to the transferor by the transferee, who accepts the transfer on such terms.”

13. A lease of immovable property is a transfer of immovable

property. The transfer consists of the transfer of a right to enjoy

immovable property. It creates an interest in the property. One of

the essential elements of the lease is the period of time for which

the demise holds good. A lease may be for certain time which may be

express or implied. It may also be in perpetuity. Therefore, when

one thinks of a lease of an immovable property one of the essential

terms would be the period for which the lease operates. In this

case, the lease or the period of the lease is 30 years. The

question would immediately arise as to when the lease bears life.

The expression ‘certain time’ is premised on there being a

beginning in point of time and the end again with reference to

time. ‘Certain time’ would in other words be a period of time. The

answer is given by the lease itself, namely that the period begins

with effect from the date of approval of the petrol pump. In other

words, here is a lease deed which contemplated the period of the

lease commencing at a point of time in the future. What is more it

would commence only with effect from the date of approval of the

petrol pump. The parties in fact contemplated in clause 7 that in

case the petrol pump was not approved then the second party (the

‘appellant’ herein) must handover the land transferred on rent to

the first party.

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14. Whatever doubts one may have is dispelled by clause 5 which

reads as follows: -

“5. That after completion of leased period, viz., after expiry of 30 years, both parties shall have option renewal period by a lease deed in respect of land transferred on rent on the basis of mutual consent.

A perusal of clause 5 would reveal that lease period is

explained as after ‘the expiry of 30 years’ and it speaks about the

renewal of the lease period. The completion of the lease period

which is after the expiry of the 30 years again would have to be

reckoned only with effect from the date of approval of the petrol

pump. Therefore, it is clear that the lease which the appellant

laid store by contemplated the period of the lease commencing not

on the date of the lease but at a point of time in the future. In

fact, the point of time or the event upon which the period of lease

was to begin with itself uncertain. Maybe it is true that it could

come into effect upon future events taking shape on the principle

that in equity on the future event happening relating to the

subject matter of the lease, the lease could have affected the

property in the future. But we need not explore the matter on those

lines any further as it is clear that the lease did not take effect

on the date of the lease namely 8.11.2011. If that be so there was

also no lease in place as on the date of the application namely

11.11.2011.

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CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6119 OF 2021 (Arising out of SLP (C) No. 36767 of 2016.

15. The appellant attempted to derive support from Section 47 of

the Registration Act, 1908. Section 47 of the Registration Act,

1908 is only intended to give effect to the lease deed which is

registered at a later point of time than when it is executed. It is

intended to provide that the document which is registered will have

efficacy on its own terms with effect from the time when it was

supposed to have come into effect under the document. In other

words, the fact that it is registered at a later point of time

could not detract from the document commencing to operate when it

would have commenced but for it not having been registered. In

fact, if one applies Section 47 of the Registration Act, to the

facts of this case it would not have the effect of preponing the

period of the lease as commencing from the date of the execution of

the lease. The lease would operate on its terms and the period of

the lease would commence only upon approval being granted despite

it being registered.

16. The result of this discussion is that the appellant cannot be

possibly entitled to the benefit of 35 marks which is vouchsafed

only for those applicants who inter alia had a long-term lease as

on the date of the application.

17. There is another aspect we must bear in mind. We are dealing

with a case where what is sought is judicial review of the decision

to award largesse. A fairly large measure of free play in the

joints is vouchsafed to a public authority when it comes to

understanding the terms under which the offer is made. We cannot be

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oblivious to this aspect as well. The fact that in the

rectification deed also which was executed much after the date of

the advertisement and application an attempt is made to correct the

original lease deed and to indicate that it was as a result of an

error that clause 1 which we have referred to came to be inserted

also would fortify us in our reasoning which we have employed in

finding that appellant is not entitled to 35 marks.

18. In the light of above discussion, we see no reason to

interfere with the impugned judgment passed by the High Court. The

appeal is dismissed.

No order as to costs.

Pending application(s), if any, stand disposed of.

…………………………………………J. [K.M. JOSEPH]

…………………………………………J. [PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA]

New Delhi 30th September, 2021.

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