S.Ramakrishna vs State Rep.By Pub.Prosr., H.C. A.P

2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of the learned Single Judge of

the Andhra Pradesh High Court upholding the conviction of the appellant for

the offences punishable under Sections 376 and 342 of the Indian Penal Code,

1860 (for short `IPC'), while acquitting the appellant of the charges in terms of

1 Section 506 IPC. The accused was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment by

learned Sessions Judge, Chittoor, which was reduced to 7 years by the High

Court. The appellant faced trial for offences punishable under Sections 376,

323, 342 and 506 IPC. The Trial Court directed acquittal of the appellant in

respect of offence punishable under Section 323 IPC but convicted in respect

of other offences as noted above.

3. Background facts as projected by the prosecution are as follows:

On 1.10.2001 at about 5.30 pm while U. Vijayalakshmi - PW.1 was

returning from the fields to the village and when she reached the fields of

Viswanatha Reddy along with her cattle, the accused who was hiding in the

bushes, gagged her mouth with his towel and tied her hands with his lungi,

pushed her to the ground, lifted her petty coat and forcibly committed rape on

her. When PW.1 struggled to escape, the accused pinched on her face with

nails and caused scratches. Then, the accused untied the hands of the victim-

PW.1, threatened to kill her and her family members if she informs the incident

to her parents. When PW.1 told the accused that she would inform the incident

to her uncle, the accused threatened her with dire consequences to kill her.

After accused left the place, PW.1 returned to village informed the incident to

2 her parents, and on the next day she went to Police Station, Baireddipalli and

presented a report to the Sub-Inspector of Police who in turn sent her for

medical examination. The doctor gave report to the effect that sexual

intercourse was committed on her. The investigation revealed that accused

committed the offence of rape on PW.1 and also threatened to kill her and thus

the accused committed the offence punishable under Sections 342, 376 and 506

IPC.

On the said allegations, the learned Magistrate took the case on file and

after appearance of the accused furnished copies of the documents. The learned

magistrate after observing all the formalities, duly committed the case to the

Court of Session, Sessions Division, and the Sessions Judge took the case on

file as Sessions Case and made over the same to the Additional Assistant

Sessions Judge, Chittoor for trial.

The learned Additional Assistant Sessions Judge after hearing the

defence counsel and the prosecutor, framed charges under sections 376, 323,

342 and 506 Indian Penal Code against the accused, read over and explained to

him for which he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

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4. To establish the accusations, the prosecution examined 12 witnesses and

got marked 13 exhibits besides marking of MOS. After closing of prosecution

evidence accused was examined in terms of Section 313 of the Code of

Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short `Code'). The accused again pleaded

innocence but marked Ex.D1. The Trial Court placed reliance on the evidence

of the prosecution PW1 and the evidence of the doctor PW9 and held that the

accusations were established. Accordingly, the appellant was convicted and

sentenced.

5. In appeal, the stand was that PW9 has stated that the age of the victim

was around 18 years and, therefore, no offence was made out under Section

376 IPC. The reference was also made to the evidence of the doctor to show

that in the note, rape was not established. The High Court did not find any

substance in the plea and noted that the case of the accused was not of consent.

The age of the victim was really of no consequence. So far as the stand that no

rape was established by medical evidence, the High Court analysed the

evidence of the PW9 to hold that stand was without any substance.

6. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that

the High Court has erroneously dismissed the stand of the appellant. It is

4 submitted that the evidence of doctor clearly establish that no rape, in fact, was

committed.

7. Learned counsel for the respondent, on the other hand, supported the

judgment of the Trial Court as confirmed by the High Court. Before we deal

with the factual and legal position it has to be noted that in the judgment of the

Trial Court and the High Court the name of the victim has been mentioned.

8. We do not propose to mention name of the victim. Section 228-A IPC

makes disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences punishable. Printing

or publishing name of any matter which may make known the identity of any

person against whom an offence under Sections 376, 376-A, 376-B, 376-C or

376-D is alleged or found to have been committed can be punished. True it is,

the restriction does not relate to printing or publication of judgment by High

Court or Supreme Court. But keeping in view the social object of preventing

social victimisation or ostracism of the victim of a sexual offence for which

Section 228-A has been enacted, it would be appropriate that in the judgments,

be it of this Court. High Court or lower Court, the name of the victim should

not be indicated, we have chosen to describe her as 'victim' in the judgment.

5 The above position was highlighted in State of Karnataka v. Puttaraja (2004 (1)

SCC 475).

9. The evidence of the prosecutrix (PW-1) shows that she has described the

manner in which the rape was committed on her. Apart from that PW1 has

stated that on the way she had met PWs 3 and 4 to whom she had mentioned

about the incident. That was in addition to the information given to her mother

PW2. Stand of the appellant in the instant case was that there was no

corroboration with the evidence of the prosecutrix.

10. A prosecutrix of a sex offence cannot be put on a par with an

accomplice. She is in fact a victim of the crime. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872

(in short "the Evidence Act") nowhere says that her evidence cannot be

accepted unless it is corroborated in material particulars. She is undoubtedly a

competent witness under Section 118 and her evidence must receive the same

weight as is attached to an injured in cases of physical violence. The same

degree of care and caution must attach in the evaluation of her evidence as in

the case of an injured complainant or witness and no more. What is necessary is

that the court must be alive to and conscious of the fact that it is dealing with

the evidence of a person who is interested in the outcome of the charge levelled

6 by her. If the court keeps this in mind and feels satisfied that it can act on the

evidence of the prosecutrix, there is no rule of law or practice incorporated in

the Evidence Act similar to Illustration (b) to Section 114 which requires it to

look for corroboration. If for some reason the court is hesitant to place implicit

reliance on the testimony of the prosecutrix it may look for evidence which

may lend assurance to her testimony, short of corroboration required in the case

of an accomplice. The nature of evidence required to lend assurance to the

testimony of the prosecutrix must necessarily depend on the facts and

circumstances of each case. But if a prosecutrix is an adult and of full

understanding, the court is entitled to base a conviction on her evidence unless

the same is shown to be infirm and not trustworthy. If the totality of the

circumstances appearing on the record of the case discloses that the prosecutrix

does not have a strong motive to falsely involve the person charged, the court

should ordinarily have no hesitation in accepting her evidence.

11. The aforesaid position was highlighted in State of Maharashtra v.

Chandraprakash Kewalchand Jain (1990 (1) SCC 550), Karnel Singh v. State

of M.P. (1995 (5) SCC 518) and Sri Narayan Saha v. State of Tripura (2004) 7

SCC 775).

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12. Coming to the medical evidence though at first it appears that the doctor

had opined that rape was not committed, it was, in fact, not so. On closer

reading of the evidence of PW9, the position is crystal clear that the doctor has,

in fact, stated that sexual intercourse had occurred on PW1. Apart from that

presence of human semen and protozoa clearly establishes allegation of rape.

Therefore, the prosecution has clearly established the allegation of rape.

Though the question is not really of any importance as the stand of the accused

was not one of consent, the documentary evidence adduced i.e. school

certificate clearly shows that she was about 14 years of age.

13. That being so, the Trial Court and the High Court rightly found the

accused-appellant guilty. The appeal is without merit and is dismissed.

..........................................J. (Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT)

..........................................J. (Dr. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA)

New Delhi:

October 20, 2008

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