Rohit Bishnoi vs The State Of Rajasthan

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA 2023 INSC 642 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2078 OF 2023 (@ SLP (CRL. NO. 8935 OF 2023) (@DIARY NO(S).40947 OF 2022)

ROHIT BISHNOI ….. APPELLANT(S) VERSUS THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ANR. ….. RESPONDENT(S) WITH CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.2079-2080 OF 2023 (@ SLP (CRL.) NOS. 3445-3446 OF 2023)

JUDGMENT

NAGARATHNA, J.

Delay condoned.

Leave granted.

3. These appeals have been preferred by the informant-appellant

assailing the judgments dated 14 February, 2022 and 02 February,

2023 passed by the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur

in S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application Nos. 16016 of 2021,

4265 of 2022 and 4823 of 2022, whereby, bail has been granted to the

respondents-accused herein, namely, Vikas Vishnoi, Budharam and

Rajendra Bishnoi respectively, in connection with First Information Signature Not Verified

Report (“F.I.R.” for short) No. 134 of 2020 registered at Police Station Digitally signed by Neetu Sachdeva Date: 2023.07.26 16:11:59 IST Reason:

Mandore, District Jodhpur, Rajasthan for offences punishable under 2

Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860

(hereinafter referred to as “IPC” for the sake of brevity) and Section 3

read with Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act, 1959.

4. The facts in a nutshell are that the appellant is the brother of one

of the deceased, namely, Vikash Panwar and is the informant who

lodged F.I.R. No. 134 of 2020 against four persons, including three of

the respondents-accused herein.

4.1. F.I.R. No. 134 of 2020 dated 18 May, 2020 is stated to have been

filed by the appellant herein between 2.45 hours and 2.55 hours in the

night stating that his elder brother, Vikash Panwar, aged 25 years at

the time had been in an extra marital live-in-relationship with Nirma @

Gudia, since three months, who was also married to Shrawan Jani and

had two children from the said marriage. That unhappy about the said

extra marital live-in-relationship, the parents and parents in-law of

Nirma had been threatening to kill appellant’s brother, Vikash Panwar.

4.2. That Budharam and Vikas Vishnoi, Nirma’s brothers, Shrawan

Jani, Nirma’s husband and Ram Kishor, Nirma’s brother-in-law were

threatening the informant’s brother by way of calls and WhatsApp

messages.

4.3. That on 17 May, 2020 at around 12.15 p.m., the informant’s

nephew informed him telephonically that a video of his brother, Vikash 3

getting shot was being circulated on social media. The incident was

stated to have occurred at Nayapura Mandore area and on receiving the

said information, the informant and his father reached the said area

and found Vikash Panwar lying on the ground, dead, with blood oozing

out from around his ribs.

4.4. That upon inquiry, the informant got to know that the four

accused hereinabove named had come on two motorcycles and dragged

Vikash who was purchasing vegetables. Thereafter, they had shot at

him, causing his death.

5. Earlier, on 18 February, 2020, Meera Devi had filed F.I.R. No. 81

of 2020 in Police Station Bilara, Jodhpur stating therein that the

deceased-Vikash Panwar had kidnapped her daughter-in-law, Nirma.

6. On 24 February, 2020, Nirma filed F.I.R. No. 88 of 2020 against

her brother-in-law and parents-in-law for offences punishable under

Sections 498A and 376 of the IPC, stating therein that her brother-in-

law repeatedly raped her and that she was being subjected to cruelty in

her matrimonial household.

7. In connection with F.I.R. No. 134 of 2020, respondent-accused,

Budharam was arrested on 22 May, 2020 while respondents-accused,

Rajendra Bishnoi and Vikas Vishnoi were arrested on 30 May, 2020 and

remanded to judicial custody.

4

8. After conducting the investigation, the police filed a chargesheet

before the Metropolitan Magistrate, Mahanagar, Jodhpur, on 19

August, 2022 against eight accused including the respondents-accused

herein. Respondent-accused, Budharam was charged for offences

punishable under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC and Section 3 read

with Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act, while respondents-accused,

Rajendra Bishnoi and Vikas Vishnoi were charged for offences under

Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC.

9. Respondent-accused, Vikas Vishnoi preferred an application

seeking regular bail before the Court of the Additional District and

Sessions Judge, Mahanagar, Jodhpur. The same was dismissed by an

Order dated 10 November, 2021.

10. Application seeking regular bail filed by the respondent-accused,

Vikas Vishnoi before the High Court, under Section 439 of the Code of

Criminal Procedure, 1973, was dismissed as withdrawn by an Order

dated 16 April, 2021.

11. Thereafter, respondent-accused, Vikas Vishnoi filed a second bail

application, being S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application Nos.

16016 of 2021, before the High Court. By the impugned judgment dated

14 February, 2022, the High Court granted him bail in connection with 5

F.I.R. No. 134 of 2020 registered at Police Station Mandore, District

Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

12. Subsequently, the High Court vide impugned judgment dated 02

February, 2023 allowed S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Nos. 4265 of

2022 and 4823 of 2022 and thereby granted bail to the respondents-

accused herein, namely, Budharam and Rajendra Bishnoi respectively.

Being aggrieved, the appellant-informant has preferred these appeals

before this Court.

13. We have heard Sri Pradeep Chhindra, learned counsel appearing

for the appellant, Sri B.S. Rajesh Agrajit, learned counsel appearing for

the State along with Sri Asad Alvi, Sri Hamid Irfan and Sri Nishant

Bishnoi and Ms. Srishti Prabhakar, learned counsel appearing for the

respondents-accused.

14. Learned counsel for the appellant at the outset submitted that the

impugned judgments have been passed without considering the facts

as to the active involvement of the accused and the heinous nature of

the crimes in which the accused have been involved. That the High

Court has enlarged the respondents-accused on bail, contrary to the

settled principles of law and judgments of this Court.

14.1. It was further submitted that the High Court has not assigned the

reasons for grant of bail in the instant case whereas the respondents- 6

accused have allegedly committed heinous crimes which could result in

life imprisonment or even death penalty. According to the learned

counsel for the appellant, the High Court in a very cryptic order, de hors

any reasoning, has granted bail to the respondents-accused.

14.2. It was contended that the High Court failed to consider the

overwhelming material that would point towards the guilt of the

accused. Instead, the High Court referred only to the testimony of one

hostile witness and on the basis thereof exercised its discretion to grant

bail in an erroneous and perverse manner.

14.3. Sri Pradeep Chhindra next contended that while considering an

application for grant of bail, the Court’s exercise of discretion must be

guided by reasons to be recorded in the Order granting bail. That the

Court must have due regard to the seriousness of the allegations and

the nature of punishment that would follow conviction for the offences

alleged. In support of his submission, reliance has been placed on the

decisions of this Court in Brijmani Devi vs. Pappu Kumar- [(2022) 4

SCC 497] and Deepak Yadav vs. State of Uttar Pradesh- [(2022) 8

SCC 559].

15. Of the same tenor were the submissions of Sri B.S. Rajesh Agrajit,

learned counsel appearing for the State. It was submitted that the

investigating officers had collected overwhelming evidence in the form

of statements of eye-witnesses and other witnesses who identified the 7

accused in pictures and in the CCTV footage wherein they were seen

escaping the crime scene. That the police also recovered murder

weapons, phones on which information was transmitted,

reconnaissance was done, call tower records, bikes on which the escape

was planned etc. That the chargesheet includes pictorial evidence of the

respondents-accused escaping from the scene of the crime. That the

High Court overlooked such clear and cogent evidence collected during

the course of investigation, which, in the very least would prima-facie

point towards the guilt of the accused and erroneously proceeded to

grant bail.

15.1. It was urged that discretion in matters concerning grant of bail

must be exercised judiciously, taking into account the particular

circumstances of each case. That a decision as to whether or not to

grant bail must be taken having due regard to factors such as the

nature and gravity of the allegations, the strength of the evidence

against the accused, the potential severity of the punishment that

would follow conviction, the character of the accused, the likelihood of

the accused absconding, the possibility of the accused influencing

witnesses, the broader public interest and other relevant factors. That

where the prosecution has been able to produce prima-facie evidence in

support of the charge(s) against the accused, it would not be a fit case

for grant of bail.

8

15.2. It was further submitted that the accused were not only involved

in a conspiracy to kill the deceased, Vikash Panwar, but also actively

participated in his murder. That having regard to the gravity of the

offences alleged against the accused, the bail applications ought not to

have been allowed.

With the aforesaid submissions, it was prayed that the present

appeals be allowed, the impugned judgments be set aside and the bail

bonds of the respondents-accused be cancelled.

16. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents-accused,

supported the impugned judgments and submitted that the same do

not suffer from such perversity as would justify interference by this

Court.

16.1. It was further submitted that no matter how serious the nature of

the alleged offences may be, the accused shall be entitled to be released

on bail if the competent court is of the prima-facie view that the accused

was/were not involved in the alleged crime.

16.2. That the conclusion of trial in connection with F.I.R. No. 134 of

2020, would take a considerable amount of time and it would be against

the interest of justice and the fundamental value of liberty to keep the

accused in custody for such an indefinite period. Therefore, the High

Court was right in enlarging the accused on bail.

9

16.3. It was contended that there was no justifiable cause for the

apprehension that the respondents-accused would influence the

witnesses. That when the statement of prosecution witness, Nirma who

turned hostile, was recorded by the Trial Court, the respondents-

accused were in judicial custody. Therefore, there is no way that they

could have influenced the said witness to turn hostile.

16.4. That the respondents-accused had no intention to misuse the

liberty granted to them and this was evidenced by the fact that there

has been no allegation against them as to non-compliance or abuse of

conditions of bail.

16.5. Learned counsel for respondent-accused, Vikas Vishnoi

submitted that the only role ascribed to the said accused in the alleged

crime is that he was riding on a motorcycle together with a co-accused

at the time of incident. That no allegation has been made as to the said

accused inflicting any injuries to the deceased.

16.6. As regards the allegations against respondent-accused, Rajendra

Bishnoi to the effect that he hit the deceased on his head with the butt

of the pistol, it is submitted that the same were baseless and there was

no evidence to prove the same. So also, the allegations against

respondent-accused, Budharam to the effect that he had fired bullet

shots at the deceased.

10

With the aforesaid submissions, it is prayed that the present

appeals be dismissed as being devoid of merit and the impugned

judgments be affirmed.

17. Having regard to the contention of the learned counsel for the

appellant that the impugned judgments granting bail to the

respondents-accused are bereft of any reasoning and they are cryptic

and bail has been granted in a casual manner, we extract those portions

of the impugned judgments dated 14 February, 2022 and 02 February,

2023 passed by the High Court which provides the “reasoning” of the

Court for granting bail, as under :

Impugned judgment dated 14 February, 2022

“Heard learned counsel for the parties.

The prosecution witness Nirma @ Gudiya, in her police statement, has identified the petitioner and other co-accused persons in the CCTV footage, but in her court statement, she has not supported the prosecution story and turned hostile. So far as witness Rohit is concerned, I have gone through his police statement and in those statement, he has simply stated that he was informed that the incident is carried out by the petitioner and other co-accused persons. Having regard to the totality of the facts and circumstances of the case, without expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, I deem it just and proper to grant bail to the petitioner(s) under Section 439 Cr.P.C. Accordingly, this/these second bail application(s) filed under Section 439 Cr.P.C. is/are allowed and it is directed that petitioner(s) – Vikash Vishnoi S/o Hanuman Ram shall be released on bail in connection with FIR No.134/2020 of Police Station Mandore, District Jodhpur provided he/she/they execute(s) a personal bond in the sum of Rs.50,000/- with two sound and solvent sureties of Rs.25,000/- each to the satisfaction of learned trial court for his/her/their appearance before that court on 11

each and every date of hearing and whenever called upon to do so till the completion of the trial.”

Impugned judgment dated 02 February, 2023

“Having regard to the totality of the facts and circumstances of the case, without expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, I deem it just and proper to grant bill to the accused petitioners under Section 439 Cr.P.C.

Accordingly, the bail applications filed under Section 439 Cr.P.C. are allowed and it is directed that petitioners Raju @ Rajendra Bishnoi S/o of Pukhraj @ Papparam and Budharam S/o Kojaram shall be released on bail in connection with F.I.R. No.134/2020, registered at Police Station Mandore, District Jodhpur provided each of them executes a personal bond in a sum of Rs.50,000/- with two sound and solvent sureties of Rs.25,000/- each to the satisfaction of learned trial court for their appearance before that court on each and every date of hearing and whenever called upon to do so till the completion of the trial.”

18. This Court has, on several occasions discussed the factors to be

considered by a Court while deciding a bail application. The primary

considerations which must be placed at balance while deciding the

grant of bail are: (i) The seriousness of the offence; (ii) The likelihood of

the accused fleeing from justice; (iii) The impact of release of the accused

on the prosecution witnesses; (iv) Likelihood of the accused tampering

with evidence. While such a list is not exhaustive, it may be stated that

if a Court takes into account such factors in deciding a bail application,

it could be concluded that the decision has resulted from a judicious

exercise of its discretion, vide Gudikanti Narasimhulu vs. Public

Prosecutor, High Court of Andhra Pradesh- [(1978) 1 SCC 240] ; 12 Prahlad Singh Bhati vs. NCT, Delhi– [(2001) 4 SCC 280] ; Anil

Kumar Yadav vs. State (NCT of Delhi) - [(2018) 12 SCC 129].

19. This Court has also ruled that an order granting bail in a

mechanical manner, without recording reasons, would suffer from the

vice of non-application of mind, rendering it illegal, vide Ram Govind

Upadhyay vs. Sudarshan Singh- [(2002) 3 SCC 598]; Prasanta

Kumar Sarkar vs. Ashis Chaterjee – [(2010) 14 SCC 496]; Ramesh

Bhavan Rathod vs. Vishanbhai Hirabhai Makwana (Koli)– [(2021)

6 SCC 230] ; Brijmani Devi vs. Pappu Kumar (supra).

20. Reference may also be made to recent decisions of this Court in

Manoj Kumar Khokhar vs. State of Rajasthan– [2022 SCC OnLine

SC 30] and Jaibunisha vs. Meharban– [(2022) 5 SCC 465], wherein,

on engaging in an elaborate discussion of the case law cited supra and

after duly acknowledging that liberty of individual is an invaluable right,

it has been held that an order granting bail to an accused, if passed in

a casual and cryptic manner, de hors reasoning which would validate

the grant of bail, is liable to be set aside by this Court while exercising

power under Article 136 of the Constitution of India.

21. The Latin maxim “cessante ratione legis cessat ipsa lex” meaning

“reason is the soul of the law, and when the reason of any particular

law ceases, so does the law itself,” is also apposite. 13

22. While we are conscious of the fact that liberty of an individual is

an invaluable right, at the same time while considering an application

for bail, courts cannot lose sight of the serious nature of the accusations

against an accused and the facts that have a bearing on the case,

particularly, when the accusations may not be false, frivolous or

vexatious in nature but are supported by adequate material brought on

record so as to enable a Court to arrive at a prima facie conclusion.

While considering an application for grant of bail, a prima-facie

conclusion must be supported by reasons and must be arrived at after

having regard to the vital facts of the case brought on record. Due

consideration must be given to facts suggestive of the nature of crime,

the criminal antecedents of the accused, if any, and the nature of

punishment that would follow a conviction vis à vis the offence/s alleged

against an accused.

23. We have extracted the relevant portions of the impugned order

above. At the outset, we observe that the extracted portions are the only

portions forming part of the “reasoning” of the High Court while granting

bail. As noted from the aforecited judgments, it is not necessary for a

Court to assign elaborate reasons or engage in a roving inquiry as to the

merits of the prosecution’s case while granting bail, particularly, when

the trial is at the initial stages and the allegations against the accused

would not have been crystalised as such. Elaborate details cannot be

recorded so as to give an impression that the case is one that would 14

result in a conviction or, by contrast, in an acquittal while passing an

Order on an application for grant of bail. However, the Court deciding a

bail application cannot completely divorce its decision from material

aspects of the case such as the allegations made against the accused;

severity of the punishment if the allegations are proved beyond

reasonable doubt and would result in a conviction; reasonable

apprehension of the witnesses being influenced by the accused;

tampering with the evidence; criminal antecedents of the accused; and

a prima-facie satisfaction of the Court in support of the charge against

the accused.

24. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we shall now consider the facts

of the present case. The allegations against respondents-accused as well

as the contentions raised at the Bar have been narrated supra. On a

consideration of the same, the following aspects of the case would

emerge:

a) The allegations against respondent-accused, Budharam is for

offences under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC and Section 3

read with Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act, while against

respondents-accused, Rajendra Bishnoi and Vikas Vishnoi the

allegations are for offences under Sections 302 and 120B of the

IPC.

b) The allegation against the respondents-accused is not only that

they were involved in a conspiracy to kill the deceased, Vikash 15

Panwar, but also that they actively participated in his murder. The

alleged incident is stated to be an instance of honour killing.

c) A perusal of the chargesheet dated 19 August, 2022 would reveal

that specific roles have been ascribed to each of the respondents-

accused in the alleged incident. It is alleged that respondent-

accused Rajendra Bishnoi tugged at the collar of the deceased from

behind, so as to drag him down the stairs on which he was

standing, after which respondent-accused Vikas Vishnoi caught

hold of the deceased, thereby, enabling co-accused Raju to hit him

on his head with the butt of a country-made pistol. Having

incapacitated the deceased in the said manner, Budharam was able

to fire bullet shots on the chest and back of the deceased, resulting

in his death.

d) In the present case, it cannot be said that the accusations against

the respondents-accused are prima-facie wholly false, frivolous or

vexatious in nature, so as to justify grant of bail. We observe, while

not expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, that the

prosecution has brought on record adequate material that would

prima-facie point towards the guilt of the accused. Details as to the

manner in which the deceased, Vikash Panwar and Nirma were

traced by the accused, the acts of reconnaissance that were carried

out by the accused before the alleged fateful incident and the

manner in which each of the accused participated in the alleged 16

crime have been brought on record. Therefore, we are not inclined

to hold at this juncture that the prosecution has not established a

prima-facie case as to the guilt of the accused.

e) One of the prosecution witnesses, namely Nirma, turned hostile.

Therefore, in the absence of any evidence as to the circumstances

under which she turned hostile, we cannot rule out the possibility

of the respondents-accused influencing other witnesses, tampering

with the evidence, if they continue to remain on bail.

f) The present case is not one where the accused have been detained

in custody for an inordinate amount of time as under-trials.

g) The High Court of Rajasthan, in the impugned orders dated

09 September, 2019 and 17 October, 2019 has not considered the

aforestated aspects of the case in the context of the grant of bail.

The High Court has been swayed by the fact that one of the

prosecution witnesses, namely, Nirma has turned hostile which is

not an aspect that must be taken into account while considering

an application for bail.

25. While we are conscious of the fact that a Court considering the

grant of bail must not engage in an elaborate discussion on the merits

of the case, we are of the view that the High Court while passing the

impugned orders has not taken into account even a single material

aspect of the case. Instead, the High Court referred only to the testimony

of one hostile witness in the trial and on the basis thereof, exercised its 17

discretion to grant bail in an erroneous manner. The High Court has

lost sight of the aforesaid vital aspects of the case and granted bail to

the respondents-accused by passing very cryptic and casual orders, de

hors cogent reasoning.

26. Having considered the aforesaid facts of the present case in light

of the law cited above, we do not think that this case is a fit case for the

grant of bail to the respondents-accused, given the seriousness of the

allegations against them. We find that the High Court was not right in

allowing the applications for bail filed by the respondents-accused.

Hence, the impugned judgments dated 14 February, 2022 and 02

February, 2023 passed by the High Court of Rajasthan at Jodhpur are

set aside. The appeals are allowed.

27. The respondents-accused are on bail. Their bail bonds stand

cancelled and they are directed to surrender before the concerned jail

authorities within a period of two weeks from today.

..........................................J B.V. NAGARATHNA

……….................................J PRASHANT KUMAR MISHRA

NEW DELHI;

24th JULY, 2023.