P.M. Lokanath vs State Of Karnataka

2025 INSC 202 REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2514 OF 2014

P.M. LOKANATH AND OTHERS …APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ANOTHER …RESPONDENT(S)

JUDGMENT

B.R. GAVAI, J.

1. The present appeal challenges the judgment and order

dated 14th November 2013 passed by a learned Single Judge

of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal

Petition No. 3850 of 2010, whereby the High Court has

dismissed the petition filed by the present appellants under

Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

(hereinafter referred to as “Cr.P.C.”) praying thereby to quash

proceedings registered in C.C. No.29027 of 2010 pending on Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by NARENDRA PRASAD Date: 2025.02.12 the file of IIIrd Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, 17:29:36 IST Reason:

Bangalore (for short, “ACMM, Bangalore”).

1 2. A perusal of the materials placed on record would reveal

that there is a longstanding dispute between the appellants

on one hand and respondent No.2 and his brothers/sisters

on the other hand. The appellants are the absolute owners

and in actual possession and enjoyment of the property

bearing No.13 situated at Subbanna Char Lane, 2nd Cross,

Cottonpet, Bangalore, Karnataka (hereinafter referred to as

the “suit property”). The suit property has fallen to the

appellants on account of them being the legal heirs of one

Smt. K. Janakamma. Respondent No.2 and his siblings are

the legal heirs of one Shri Narasimha Murthy, who was a

party to the sale deed executed on 16th November 1953

whereby the suit property was sold to said K. Janakamma.

3. It appears that respondent No.2 and his siblings

thereafter attempted to encroach upon the appellants’ suit

property and as such the appellants filed a civil suit being

O.S. No.11107/2016 in Court of Principal City Civil and

Sessions Judge at Bangalore seeking a decree of permanent

injunction to prohibit respondent No.2 and his siblings from

interfering with the lawful possession and enjoyment of the

suit property. In the said suit, an application under Order

2 XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for

short, “CPC”), also came to be filed by the appellants. In the

said proceedings, the learned Principal City Civil and

Sessions Judge, Bangalore, vide the judgment and order

dated 19th December 2006, granted temporary injunction in

favour of the appellants restraining respondent No.2 and his

siblings from encroaching upon any portion of the

suit/schedule property and from changing katha of suit

property.

4. It further appears that the appellants thereafter filed

another civil suit being O.S. No.1943/2008 in the Court of

City Civil Judge at Bangalore for declaration of ownership of

the suit property.

5. On 25th November 2008, respondent No.2 however

lodged an FIR under Sections 448 and 506 of the Indian

Penal Code, 1860 (for short, “IPC”) alleging therein that the

appellants had threatened respondent No.2 to withdraw the

civil suits. In the said FIR, it was further alleged that

respondent No.2 was threatened by the appellants that in

case he does not withdraw the civil suits, he will meet with

the dire consequence of his death.

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6. On the basis of the FIR lodged by respondent No.2, an

investigation was carried out and a chargesheet was filed by

the PSI of Cottonpet Police Station on 24th March 2010.

7. On 26th June 2010, the ACMM, Bangalore took

cognizance and issued summons to the appellants herein.

8. Being aggrieved thereby, the appellants approached the

High Court praying to quash the criminal proceedings. The

learned Single Judge of the High Court, though noticed that

there was a longstanding civil dispute between the parties,

refused to quash the proceedings and dismissed the criminal

petition under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C.

9. Being aggrieved thereby, the appellants filed the present

appeal by way of special leave. While issuing notice, this

Court by an order dated 8th May 2014 stayed the proceedings

before the trial court for three months. By an order dated

28th November 2014, while granting leave, the interim order

of stay was made absolute by this Court.

10. We have heard Shri Anand Sanjay M. Nuli, learned

Senior Counsel appearing for the appellants and Shri V.N.

Raghupathy, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the

State of Karnataka. Though respondent No.2 has been duly

4 served, no one has entered appearance on his behalf.

11. We are informed by the counsel for the parties that

appellant No.2 (accused No.2) has died during the pendency

of the proceedings. The appeal, therefore, stands abated qua

appellant No.2.

12. Shri Nuli submits that the proceedings are totally mala

fide. He further submits that it is the appellants who have

filed the civil suits and, therefore, there is no question of

respondent No.2 being threatened by the appellants to

withdraw the suits. He further submits that respondent No.2

is in the habit of filing false cases as is evident from the

material placed on record. He, therefore, prays for the

quashing of the chargesheet and the criminal proceedings

arising therefrom.

13. Per contra, Shri Raghupathy, learned counsel appearing

for the respondent-State has vehemently opposed the present

appeal.

14. From the perusal of the record, it is clear that it is the

appellants, who have filed two civil suits, i.e. one for

permanent injunction and the other for the declaration of the

ownership of the suit property.

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15. In the suit for permanent injunction, an order under

Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of the CPC has been passed by

the Principal City Civil and Sessions Judge, Bangalore on

19th December 2006, thereby restraining respondent No.2

and his siblings from interfering with the physical possession

of the appellants.

16. It is thus clear that the allegations in the FIR are totally

absurd. When respondent No.2 has not filed any suit, there

is no question of appellants threatening him of dire

consequences if he does not withdraw the suit. It further

appears from the record that respondent No.2 is in the habit

of filing false cases against the appellants and his family

members.

17. It can further be seen that in another criminal Case

being No. 6969 of 2007 on the file of ACMM, Bangalore filed

by respondent No.2, there are similar allegations that the

appellants and his relatives were threatening respondent

No.2. The learned ACMM, Bangalore, vide judgment and

order dated 29th March 2008, after considering the evidence

placed on record found that the allegations made by

respondent No.2 were totally false and the appellants were,

6 therefore, acquitted.

18. Further, in another criminal case being P.C.R. No.9345

of 2009 (in Crime No.245 of 2009) on the file of ACMM,

Bangalore filed by the brother of respondent No.2 against the

appellants alleging that the sale deed on the basis of which

the appellant claimed title, and the suit are fraudulently

executed. The appellants herein had challenged the initiation

of the said criminal proceedings before the High Court,

praying for quashing of the said proceedings. After perusal of

the material placed on record, learned Single Judge of the

High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore, vide the judgment

and order dated 8th September 2009, found that the

proceedings initiated were not sustainable and, therefore,

quashed the criminal proceedings qua that criminal case.

19. We are, therefore, of the considered view that

respondent No.2 and his relatives are in the habit of filing

false and malicious cases against the appellants only on

account of long-standing civil dispute pending between them.

20. This court in the case of State of Haryana and Others

v. Bhajan Lal and Others1 has held that the High Courts in

1 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335

7 exercise of extraordinary power under Article 226 of the

Constitution of India or inherent powers under Section 482

of the Cr.P.C. can prevent abuse of process of any court or

otherwise secure ends of justice. This Court in paragraph

102 of the said case provided the following categories:

“102. In the backdrop of the interpretation of the various relevant provisions of the Code under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law enunciated by this Court in a series of decisions relating to the exercise of the extraordinary power under Article 226 or the inherent powers under Section 482 of the Code which we have extracted and reproduced above, we give the following categories of cases by way of illustration wherein such power could be exercised either to prevent abuse of the process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice, though it may not be possible to lay down any precise, clearly defined and sufficiently channelised and inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be exercised.

(1) Where the allegations made in the first information report or the complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused. (2) Where the allegations in the first information report and other materials, if any, accompanying the FIR do not disclose a cognizable offence, justifying an investigation by police officers under Section 156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview of Section 155(2) of the Code.

8 (3) Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the commission of any offence and make out a case against the accused.

(4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code.

(5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused.

(6) Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code or the concerned Act (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/or where there is a specific provision in the Code or the concerned Act, providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party.

(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge.

103. We also give a note of caution to the effect that the power of quashing a criminal proceeding should 9 be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability or genuineness or otherwise of the allegations made in the FIR or the complaint and that the extraordinary or inherent powers do not confer an arbitrary jurisdiction on the court to act according to its whim or caprice.”

21. This Court, however, gave a note of caution that such

powers should be exercised very sparingly and with

circumspection and that too in rarest of rare cases.

22. We are therefore of the considered view that the present

case would squarely fall under points 1, 3, 5 and 7 of

paragraph 102 of the aforesaid categories provided by this

Court in the case of Bhajan Lal (supra).

23. The initiation of criminal proceedings at the instance of

respondent No.2 in the present case is totally activated by

mala fide, instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking

vengeance and with a view to spite the appellants.

24. We, therefore, find that the continuation of the criminal

proceedings against the appellants would be nothing else but

an abuse of the process of law.

25. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed. The impugned

judgment and order dated 14th November 2013 passed by the

10 learned Single Judge of the High Court of Karnataka at

Bangalore, is quashed and set aside. The chargesheet

registered as C.C. No. 29027/2010 before the Court of IIIrd

Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Bangalore, the order

dated 26th June 2010 issuing summons to the appellants

and the subsequent proceedings arising therefrom, are also

quashed and set aside.

26. Pending application(s), if any, stand(s) disposed of.

..............................J. (B.R. GAVAI)

.................................J. (K. VINOD CHANDRAN)

NEW DELHI;

FEBRUARY 06, 2025.

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