Mohammed Faizal K.A vs D. Sali .

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 10262 - 10263 OF 2017 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) Nos.7494-7495 of 2014 )

Mohammed Faizal K.A. ….Appellant

:Versus:

D. Sali and Ors. ....Respondents

JUDGMENT

A.M. KHANWILKAR, J.

1. These appeals emanate from the common judgment and

order dated 31st January, 2014 passed by the High Court of

Kerala at Ernakulam in Writ Appeal Nos.953 of 2013 and 1019 of

2013 filed by the appellant. Writ Appeal No.953 of 2013 was filed

against the judgment and order dated 23rd June, 2004 passed by

Signature Not Verifiedthe learned Single Judge in OP No.35398 of 2002, whereas Writ Digitally signed by CHETAN KUMAR Date: 2017.10.04 15:23:14 IST Reason: Appeal No.1019 of 2013 was filed against the judgment and order 2

dated 8th April, 2010 passed by the learned Single Judge in Writ

Petition (C) No.7801 of 2005.

2. The former writ petition (No.35398/2002) was filed by

respondent No.1 challenging the government order dated 4 th

October, 2002, bearing No. G.O. (Rt) No.1972/2002/Home

Thiruvananthapuram, issued under the signature of the

Principal Secretary to Government of Kerala, Home (A)

Department. The said order was passed in compliance of the

direction given by the High Court in the earlier writ petition filed

by respondent No.1 being OP No.6684 of 2001, challenging his

non-inclusion in the select list for promotion to the post of

Deputy Superintendent of Police for the years 2000 and 2001

prepared by the Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) (for

short, ‘DPC’), in its meeting dated 12 th February, 2001 and 7th

May, 2001. The High Court vide its judgment dated 13th March,

2002 had directed the Competent Authority to consider the

representation of respondent No.1 and pass appropriate order in

accordance with law. Accordingly, the government order

impugned in OP No.35398/2002 was passed on 4 th October,

2002, which reads thus:-

3

“ANNEXURE P-3

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Abstract Police Department-Establishment OP NO.6684/2001 filed by Shri D. Sali Circle Inspector of Police – Judgment-Implementation orders issued.

============================================= = HOME (A) DEPARTMENT G.O.(Rt) No.1972/2002/Home Dated Thiruvananthapuram 04.10.2002 ============================================= = Read: 1 Judgment dated 13.03.2002 in OP No.6684/2001 filed by Shri D. Sali Circle Inspector of Police.

2. Representation dated 06.04.2002 from Shri D. Sali Circle Inspector of Police addressed to the Convener Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher)

ORDER

The Hon’ble High Court I the judgment read as 1 st paper above has ordered as follows:

“The petitioner has not an efficacious remedy of filing a representation before the Convener of Departmental Promotion Committee against his supersession under Rule 28(b) (i) (8) (a) of the General Rules of the KS & SSR. If the petitioner files a representation before the Convener of the Departmental Promotion Committee, the second respondent herein, within one month from today, the said respondent shall consider the same and pass appropriate orders thereon threating that the same has been passed within the prescribed time limit. The second respondent shall pass orders as directed above within three months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment”

In obedience to the above judgment, the representation from Shri D. Sali Circle Inspector of Police 4

read as 2nd paper above was placed before an Ad-hoc Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) on 30.04.02 for consideration. The committee considered the case in detail with relevant records.

By virtue of seniority in the cadre of CI of police Shri D. Sali CI of Police was considered for inclusion I the select list of CIs of Police fit for promotion as Deputy Supdt of Police for the year 2001 (both main and supplementary). He was superseded from the above select lists in view of the following:

(i) Punishments of increment for 2 years with cumulative effect vide PHQ Order No. G5/73089/93 dated 06.11.97

(ii) Two vigilance enquiries pending

(iii) An oral Enquiry pending

The oral Enquiry has ended up in his exoneration vide G1/95453/99 dated 20.05.2001. The Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) which met on 09.04.2002 considered his case and decided to include him in the select list of CIs of Police fit for promotion as Deputy Supdt of Police for the year 2002 conditionally subject to exoneration in the 2 vigilance enquiries pending. One of the above vigilance enquiries has ended in his exoneration. But the vigilance enquiry of allegation of acceptance of bribe and assessment of wealth is still pending.

The select list prepared by the Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher which met on 12.02.2001 and 07.05.2001 were for filling up the vacancies in 2001. As per Rule 28(b) (i) (4) of KS & SSr the select list have to be prepared during the Calendar year for the vacancies anticipated in the next Calendar year. Hence the Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) ought to have been convened in 2000. Hence the check period under consideration is 1997, 1998 and 1999. Hence for assessing the suitability of an officer the punishment/disciplinary action, vigilance cases/enquiries and ACR for the above period are taken into consideration. Since, D. Sali CI of Police was awarded punishment of increment bar for 2 years 5

with cumulative effect during the check period, the committee found that the request of Shri D. Sali CI of Police deserves no consideration.

The request is hereby rejected.

By order of the convener N. Ramakrishnan Principal Secretary to Govt.”

(emphasis supplied)

3. The State of Kerala resisted the said writ petition (No.

35398/2002) and justified the Government order dated 4 th

October, 2002. However, the arguments put-forth by the State

did not find favour with the learned Single Judge who by his

judgment dated 23rd June, 2004 held that the punishment

awarded to respondent No.1 in the year 1997 of stoppage of two

increments, could not form the basis for considering respondent

No.1 for promotion in the year 2001. For, the relevant years for

considering the entitlement for promotion to be made in the year

2001 would be 1998, 1999, and 2000. Accordingly, the learned

Single Judge was pleased to quash the Government order dated

4th October, 2002 and allowed the writ petition in the following

terms:-

“6. In the above view of the matter, Ext. P3 order is liable to be quashed. I do so. There shall be a direction to the third respondent to convene an ad hoc D.P.C. for the purpose of considering the case of the petitioner for the year 2001.

6 The merit of the petitioner vis-a-vis others who were eligible to be considered for the year 2001 shall be assessed on the basis of the confidential records of the petitioner for the years 1998, 1999 and 2000 and any other relevant material pertaining to the select list for 2001. If the petitioner is found entitled for inclusion on the basis of such assessment of merit his name shall be included in the select list for the year 2001 in the appropriate place among officers who were included in the year 2001. This shall be done within four months from the date of receipt of a copy of the judgment. If the petitioner finds a place in the select list for 2001 his claim for promotion on that basis shall be considered in accordance with law.

Original Petition is disposed of accordingly.”

(emphasis supplied)

4. Pursuant to the aforesaid direction issued by the High

Court, the case of respondent No.1 was re-examined by the

Department. After considering all aspects of the matter, the

Department issued order dated 20 th November, 2004, bearing

G.O. (Rt) No. 2527/04/Home, under the signature of Additional

Chief Secretary and Principal Secretary to Government, Home (A)

Department, which reads thus:-

“ANNEXURE P-6

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Abrstract Home Department – Establishment OP No.35398/02 filed by Shri D. Sali, Circle Inspector of Police-Judgment implementation Orders issued.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HOME (A) DEPARTMENT G.O. (Rt) No 2527/04/Home dated Thiruvananthapuram, 20.11.2004 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Read: 1) Judgment dated 23.06.2004 in O.P. No.35398/02

2) Representation dated 24.07.2001 submitted by Shri D. Sali

ORDER

Shri D. Sali, Circle Inspector of Police was superseded from the select list of Circle Inspector fit for promotion as Dy.Sps for the year 2000 and 2001 (i.e. for the vacancies in 2000 & 2001) by the Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) held on 12.07.2001 in view of the penalty for Increment Bar for 2 years with cumulative effect awarded to him vide PHQ Order No.G5/73080/93 dated 05.11.97 and a Vigilance Case, Vigilance Enquiry and an Oral Enquiry pending against him during the check period. He was subsequently included in the select lists for the years 2002 & 2003 conditionally subject to exoneration in the 2 Vigilance Enquiry and an non Oral Enquiry pending against him. Though he was awarded a penalty of Increment Bar of 3 months without cumulative effect on 02.07.2001 considering the nature and gravity of the charges against him the committee included him in the select list conditionally. One of the Vigilance Enquiries has been dropped by Government. But he was not cleared the promotion since a Vigilance Tribunal enquiry has been ordered against him vide GO(MS) No.4/04/Vig dated 25.02.04 based on the other Vigilance Enquiry.

2. Based on the directions contained in the judgment dated 13.03.2002 in OP No.6684/01 filed by him the ad-hoc Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) filed on 30.04.02 examined his case and rejected his request for inclusion in the select list. A reply in the matter was given to him vide GO (Rt) No. 1972/Home dated 01.10.02.

3. In the judgment dated 23.06.04 in OP No.35398/02 filed by him the Hon’ble High Court have quashed the above Government order rejecting his request for inclusion in the select list and directed the Convener, Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) to convene an Ad-hoc Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) for the purpose 8

of considering the case of the petitioner for year 2001. In the judgment it is also ordered that the merit of the petitioner vis-à-vis others who were eligible to be considered for the year 2001 shall be assessed on the basis of the Confidential Reports of the petitioner for the years 1998, 1999 & 2000 and any other relevant material pertaining to the select list for 2001. If the petitioner is found entitled for inclusion on the basis of such assessment of merit his name shall be included in the select list for the year 2001 in the appropriate place among officers who were included in the year 2001.

4. In the light of the above facts, the Adhoch Departmental Promotion Committee held on 24.09.2001 examined his case in detail with all the relevant records. As per Rule 28(b) (i)4(a) of KS & SSRs select list has to be prepared during a calendar year for the vacancies anticipated in the next calendar year. Accordingly, select list for the vacancies in 2001 has to be prepared in 2000 (i.e. during September/October 2000) for which the check period will be 1999, 1998 & 1997. But while preparing the select list the year was wrongly mentioned as 2001 instead of 2000. But the Departmental Promotional Committee had taken the check period as 1997, 1998 & 1999 in respect of all the officers included in the filed of choice. The punishments awarded, adverse entries in Confidential Report and the disciplinary proceedings etc during the years from 1997 were taken into account while assessing suitability of the officers for inclusion in the select list for the year 2000 (for the vacancies in 2001).

5. The committee found that the petitioner was awarded a major punishment (i.e. increment bar for 2 years with cumulative effect vide PHQ order No.G5/73080/93 dated 05.11.97) during the check period which is still pending. The review petition against the above punishment was rejected by Government vide GO(Rt) No.3220/01/Home dated 18.09.2001. The Committee therefore found that the petitioner is not entitled for inclusion in the select list of Circle Inspector list for promotion as Dy.SPs for the year 2000 i.e. for the vacancies in 2001.

The Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) which held on 24.09.2004 examined his case and decided to include him in 9

the select list for the year 2003 and the select list was issued accordingly as per notification No. 44663/A2/04/Home dated 28.10.2004.

In the circumstances stated above the request contained in the representation read as 11 paper above is hereby rejected.

(By Order of the Governor) N. Ramakrishnan Additional Chief Secretary and Principal Secretary to Government.”

(emphasis supplied)

5. The respondent No.1 assailed the aforementioned order by

filing another writ petition, bearing Writ Petition (C) No.7801 of

2005. The State resisted the said writ petition and justified its

decision considering the fact that the punishment awarded to

respondent No.1 on 5th November, 1997 of stoppage of increment

for two years with cumulative effect, was in force during the

check period. For which reason, the DPC decided to include the

name of respondent No.1 in the select list for the year 2003 and

the list was issued accordingly as per notification

No.44663/A2/04 dated 28th October, 2004. The learned Single

Judge of the High Court, however, opined that in view of the

direction issued by the Court vide order dated 23 rd June, 2004 in

OP No.35398 of 2002, it was not open to the Competent 10

Authority to consider the punishment imposed on respondent

No.1 in the year 1997 to deny his inclusion in the select list for

the year 2001. The relevant portion of the judgment of the High

Court dated 8th April, 2010, reads thus:-

“5. I am of opinion that Ext. P4 judgment, which has become final, concludes the issue squarely in favour of the petitioner. In Ext. P4 judgment, this Court has considered all aspects of the matter and decided that, for the purpose of considering the petitioner for inclusion in the select list for the year 2001, his confidential records for the years 2000, 1999 and 1998 only could have been considered. But in Ext. P5, the very same punishment imposed in 1997 relied upon earlier to deny him inclusion in the select list, has been relied upon, which was found to be unsustainable in Ext. P4 judgment. Therefore, I have no hesitation to hold that Ext. P5 order is in total disregard to Ext. P4 judgment of this Court. In the above circumstances, Ext. P5, to the extent the petitioner has been excluded from the select list for 2001 is quashed. In so far as despite Ext. P4 judgment from this Court, the respondents have not chosen to consider the matter in the right perspective as directed therein, I am not inclined to leave it again to the respondents to pass fresh orders. The respondents have no case that without relying on the punishment of 1997, the petitioner can be validly denied inclusion in the select list for the year 2001. In fact he was included in the select list for the year 2003 and promoted also.

Therefore, there would be a direction to the respondents to include the petitioner in the select list for the year 2001 in the appropriate place in accordance with his seniority. All promotions for the year 2001 shall be reviewed on the basis of such inclusion of the petitioner in the select list for the year 2001 and fresh dates of promotion as Dy. Superintendent of Police shall be assigned to him accordingly. The petitioner would consequently be entitled to all service benefits and seniority arising there from including monetary benefits thereof. Orders in this regard shall be passed and monetary benefits disbursed to the petitioner as expeditiously as possible, at any rate, 11

within two months from the date of receipt of a certified copy of this judgment.

The writ petition is allowed as above.”

6. The concerned authorities acting upon the said decision

issued order on 27th June, 2012 and placed respondent No.1 in

the select list as per notification dated 12 th February, 2001 at

Serial No.6(a) and gave him notional promotion to the post of

Deputy Superintendent of Police with effect from 19 th March,

2001. The said order reads thus:-

“ANNEXURE P-11

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Abstract Home Department-Police Establishment –Sri D. Sali, Deputy Superintendent of Police – Notional Promotion to the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police, granted _ Orders issued ============================================= = HOME (A) DEPARTMENT G.O.(Rt) No.1934//2002/Home Dated Thiruvananthapuram 27.06.2012 ============================================= =

Read: (1) Notification No. 44702/A2/2001/Home dated 22.02.2001 (2) Notification No. 85137/A2/2010/Home dated 09.02.2001 (3) G.O. (Rt) No. 825/2001/Home dated 03.03.2001 (4) Letter No. A2-70300/10 dated 04.05.2011 from the State Police Chief, Kerala, thiruvananthapuram

ORDER 12

Sri D. Sali, Deputy Superintendent of Police was superseded from the select list of Circle Inspectors of Police fit for promotion as Deputy Superintendent of Police for the year 2001 vide Notification read as 1 st paper above. The Ad-hoc Departmental Promotion Committee (Higher) held on 12.02.2001 decided to include him as shown below in the above select list as per the Notification read as 2nd paper above.

Sl. No.6 Sri D. Madhu Sl. No.6(a) Sri. D. Sali Sl. No. 7 Sri K. Manoharan Kumar

The State Police Chie, in his letter read as 4 th paper above, has reported that Sri K. Manohara Kumar, who is the immediate junior to Sri D. Sali as per the notification read as 1st paper above, was promoted to the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police as per the Government Order read as 3rd paper above and he took charge of the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police on 19.03.2001 FN. Hence the State Police Chief has requested to sanction notional promotion to Sri D. Sali, Deputy Superintendent of Police in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police with effect from the FN of 19.03.2001.

(3) Government have examined the matter in detail and they are pleased to order that Sri. D.Sali is notionally promoted to the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police with effect from the FN 19.03.2001, i.e., the date of assumption of charges by Sri K. Manoharan Kumar, Deputy Superintendent of Police, who is the immediate junior to Sri D. Sali, subject to the condition that he will not be eligible for back arrears of pay and allowance.

By order of the Governor N.B. BALAKRISHNAN Under Secretary to Government”

7. Not only that, the Department considered the respondent

No.1 for further promotion to the post of Superintendent of Police 13

(non-IPS) but also, later on, for IPS cadre in 2010. The appellant

then assailed the decisions of the High Court dated 23 rd June,

2004 and 8th April, 2010 by filing two separate writ appeals

before the Division Bench of the High Court. For the present, it

may not be necessary to advert to the events that unfolded after

the decision of the learned Single Judge of the High Court in the

third writ petition dated 8th April 2010. Inasmuch as, the matter

in issue in the writ appeals is in respect of the correctness of

two decisions dated 23rd June, 2004 and 8th April 2010,

respectively.

8. The writ appeals were opposed by respondent No.1, inter

alia, on the ground that the same were barred by limitation and

suffered from laches. Further, the appellant has no locus to

challenge the inclusion of respondent No.1, in the select list for

2001 because the appellant became eligible for inclusion in the

select list for promotion to the post of Deputy Superintendent of

Police only in 2002. Even on merits, it was contended by

respondent No.1 that the Competent Authority committed no

error in including him in the select list of 2001 and to consider

him for promotion to the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police

against the vacancies of 2001. Since, his claim for promotion 14

was being considered against the vacancies of 2001, the check

period would necessarily be 1998, 1999 and 2000 and for which

reason punishment awarded to him in the year 1997 cannot be

reckoned or used against him to deny him promotion in the year

2001.

9. The Division Bench after considering the rival submissions

held that no error was committed by the learned Single Judge

in the interpretation or the application of Rule 28 of the Kerala

State and Subordinate Service Rules. The Division Bench also

upheld the opinion of the learned Single Judge that the

punishment awarded to respondent No.1 in the year 1997 could

not be reckoned for considering his claim for promotion against

vacancies of 2001. Further, the Division Bench noted that the

appellant was not entitled to be considered nor was eligible to be

included in the select list of 2001 and that the direction given by

the learned Single Judge was in relation to considering the

eligibility and entitlement of respondent No.1, for promotion to

the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police against the vacancies

of 2001. The Division Bench held that the directions issued by

the learned Single Judge were not to interdict the seniority list or

adjudicate the inter-se seniority dispute which may have 15

necessitated the presence of other officers who were likely to be

affected by such adjudication. Therefore, the appellant was

neither a necessary nor proper party to the writ petition. Thus,

the Division Bench rejected the challenge to the impugned

decisions of the learned Single Judge because of

non-impleadment of the appellant in the writ petitions. The

Division Bench also held that the appeals have been filed

belatedly and without challenging the promotion of the first

respondent or the re-assigned seniority position to him, which

inevitably resulted in pushing down the appellant and making

him junior to respondent No.1. The Division Bench was of the

view that the consequential orders issued by the Competent

Authorities were relatable to two judgments and there was no

infirmity in those judgments. Resultantly, both the writ appeals

came to be dismissed by the common impugned judgment and

order dated 31st January, 2014.

10. Aggrieved, the appellant has taken recourse to the present

appeals. The arguments, as were canvassed before the Division

Bench of the High Court have been reiterated by both the sides. 16

11. We have heard Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned senior counsel

appearing for the appellant and Mr. Dileep Pillai and Mr. C.K.

Sasi, learned counsel appearing for the respondents.

12. The moot question is: whether the appellant had locus to

challenge the decisions of the learned Single Judge dated 23 rd

June, 2004 and 8th April, 2010, respectively? Indeed, from the

indisputable facts emerging from the record, the appellant was

appointed as Sub Inspector of Police on 12 th October, 1981 in the

13th batch after the respondent No.1 was already appointed on

that post on 22nd June, 1981, in the 12th batch. It is also noticed

that the appellant was promoted to the post of Circle Inspector

on 1st June, 1994 after respondent No.1 was already promoted on

the said post in January, 1992. Since, respondent No.1 was

promoted in earlier point of time, he became eligible for being

considered for promotion to the post of Deputy Superintendent of

Police in February, 2001 at which point of time the appellant was

not eligible in that regard. The appellant became eligible to be

considered for such promotion only in 2002.

13. In the backdrop of these events we will examine the

challenge that we must address in the present appeals. The lis

commenced at the behest of respondent No.1 because of his 17

non-inclusion in the select list for the years 2000-2001 prepared

by the DPC in February 2001. We will analyse the reasons for

such non-inclusion and the justness thereof a little later.

14. Be that as it may, the appellant, as aforementioned, was not

eligible to be included in the said list. So understood, it must

follow that the appellant cannot be an aggrieved party if any

order was to be passed in favour of respondent No.1. However,

the appellant asserts that he is aggrieved because of the illegality

in the decision to promote respondent No.1 against the vacancy

in 2001 on two counts. Firstly, because the appellant was

already selected and promoted to the post of Deputy

Superintendent of Police on 13th September, 2002 and, thus,

became senior to respondent No.1 in that cadre which was a

selection post. Secondly, because of the wrongful inclusion and

moreso, promotion of respondent No.1 to the post of Deputy

Superintendent of Police and also re-assigning notional seniority

position as 19th March, 2001 in furtherance of the impugned

decision rendered by the learned Single Judge, dated 8 th April,

2010, inevitably, it has resulted in making the appellant junior to

respondent No. 1 in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police

and also affected his prospects of further promotion and 18

seniority. That has given rise to the cause of action for the

appellant to challenge the decisions of the High Court but for

which the respondent No. 1 could not have entered the stated

cadre before 14th January, 2005. We find force in this

submission. It is true that the appellant may not be eligible to be

included in the select list for the year 2001, but it is open to him

to point out that respondent No.1 could never have been

legitimately included in the select list until 2003 and before

which date the appellant was already promoted to the post of

Deputy Superintendent of Police and had been assigned seniority

on that basis. The respondent No1, however, was promoted to

the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police and joined that

cadre later only on 14th January, 2005. As these just reasons

have been glossed over or discarded as a result of the decision of

the learned Single Judge, in particular dated 8 th April, 2010, the

appellant is directly affected by the outcome of such decision in

the matter of his seniority. Hence, he can be said to be an

aggrieved person to challenge the High Court decision; and if that

challenge succeeds, all the consequential steps taken by the

Competent Authority on the basis of such decision must stand

effaced as non-est. In that, the appellant had already been 19

selected and prompted to the post of Deputy Superintendent of

Police on 13th September, 2002. It is because of the decision of

the High Court dated 8th April, 2010 the Competent Authorities

gave notional date of promotion to respondent No.1 in that cadre

as 19th March, 2001 and re-assigned the seniority to him making

the appellant junior to respondent No.1, even though selected

and promoted in earlier point of time.

15. Indeed, the Division Bench has rightly distinguished the

decisions of this Court in the case of State of Uttaranchal and

Anr. Vs. Madan Mohan Joshi and Ors.1; KM. Rashmi Mishra

Vs. M.P. Public Service Commission and Ors. 2; and Suresh

Vs. Yeotmal District Central Cooperative Bank Limited and

Anr.3; having held that the lis before the learned Single Judge

was not in relation to adjudication of inter-se seniority position

of the parties but was for determination of eligibility and

entitlement of respondent No.1 to consider him for promotion to

the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police.

16. Be that as it may, the appellant could still challenge the

decision of the learned Single Judge dated 8 th April, 2010, for the

1 (2008) 6 SCC 797 2 (2006) 12 SCC 724 3 (2008) 12 SCC 558 20

reasons indicated hitherto. The appellant, however, will have to

point out the manifest illegality or error committed in the matter

of giving promotion to respondent No.1 against the vacancy of

2001 and succeed in that behalf.

17. We may, therefore, without dilating on any other

contention, straightaway advert to the background in which the

two decisions were passed by the learned Single Judge of the

High Court. The first impugned decision was rendered by the

learned Single Judge on 23rd June, 2004. The relevant portion of

this decision has been extracted in paragraph 6, above. The crux

of the direction issued by the Court was to consider the claim of

respondent No.1 for promotion against the vacancy of 2001 on

the basis of his Confidential Records for the years 1998, 1999

and 2001 “in accordance with law”. We find no infirmity in the

direction so issued by the High Court. For, the nature of

direction given by the learned Single Judge vide judgment dated

23rd June, 2004, provided full play to the DPC to select or not to

select respondent No.1 against the vacancies of 2001 after

considering the Confidential Records of respondent No.1 for three

preceding years, i.e. 1998, 1999 and 2000 “in accordance with

law”. This is how the DPC as well as the Competent Authority of 21

the State understood the direction and after due deliberations

issued an order on 20th November, 2004. As a result, the

Competent Authority while considering the claim referred to the

fact that major punishment (i.e. increment bar for two years with

cumulative effect vide PHQ Order No.G5/73080 dated 5 th

November, 1997) was still operating against respondent No.1.

That punishment was to operate for two years with cumulative

effect from 1997.

18. The question is: whether consideration of punishment

awarded in 1997, for promotion of respondent No.1 against the

vacancy of 2001 was permissible? True it is that the check

period for selection against vacancies of 2001, would be 1998,

1999 & 2000. However, as the punishment awarded in 1997,

transcended beyond 1997, as it was to operate for a period of

two years, the argument of respondent No.1 that the punishment

given in 1997 could not be reckoned is untenable. The learned

Single Judge whilst considering the third writ petition of

respondent No.1 decided on 8 th April, 2010, however, observed

that taking that punishment into account was against the spirit

of the decision dated 23rd June, 2004 [rendered in the second

writ petition (No.35398/2002) filed by respondent No.1]. In our 22

opinion, the learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench

of the High Court committed palpable error and misread the

previous decision dated 23rd June, 2004 rendered in the second

writ petition. As aforementioned, on a plain reading of the said

judgment dated 23rd June, 2004, it is crystal clear that the

Competent Authorities were directed to reconsider the claim of

respondent No.1 by taking into account the check period as

1998, 1999 & 2000 “in accordance with law”, for promotion to

the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police against the vacancies

in the year 2001. From the entire judgment dated 23 rd June,

2004, we are unable to discern any opinion recorded by the

learned Single Judge that the punishment even if it were to

operate beyond 1997 and during the check period, cannot be

taken into account by the DPC for determining the merit and

ability of the candidate concerned. The legal position on this

issue is no more res integra. In the case of Union of India and

Ors. Vs. K.V. Jankiraman and Ors. 4, in paragraph 29 the

Court observed thus:

“29. According to us, the Tribunal has erred in holding that when an officer is found guilty in the discharge of his duties, an imposition of penalty is all that is necessary to improve his conduct and to enforce discipline and ensure purity in the administration. In the

4 (1991) 4 SCC 109 23

first instance, the penalty short of dismissal will vary from reduction in rank to censure. We are sure that the Tribunal has not intended that the promotion should be given to the officer from the original date even when the penalty imparted is of reduction in rank. On principle, for the same reasons, the officer cannot be rewarded by promotion as a matter of course even if the penalty is other than that of the reduction in rank. An employee has no right to promotion. He has only a right to be considered for promotion. The promotion to a post and more so, to a selection post, depends upon several circumstances. To qualify for promotion, the least that is expected of an employee is to have an unblemished record. That is the minimum expected to ensure a clean and efficient administration and to protect the public interests. An employee found guilty of a misconduct cannot be placed on par with the other employees and his case has to be treated differently. There is, therefore, no discrimination when in the matter of promotion, he is treated differently. The least that is expected of any administration is that it does not reward an employee with promotion retrospectively from a date when for his conduct before that date he is penalised in presentii.

When an employee is held guilty and penalised and is, therefore, not promoted at least till the date on which he is penalised, he cannot be said to have been subjected to a further penalty on that account. A denial of promotion in such circumstances is not a penalty but a necessary consequence of his conduct. In fact, while considering an employee for promotion his whole record has to be taken into consideration and if a promotion committee takes the penalties imposed upon the employee into consideration and denies him the promotion, such denial is not illegal and unjustified. If, further, the promoting authority can take into consideration the penalty or penalties awarded to an employee in the past while considering his promotion and deny him promotion on that ground, it will be irrational to hold that it cannot take the penalty into consideration when it is imposed at a later date because of the pendency of the proceedings, although it is for conduct prior to the date the authority considers the promotion. For these reasons, we are of the view that the Tribunal is not right in striking down the said portion of the second 24

subparagraph after clause iii) of paragraph 3 of the said Memorandum. We, therefore, set aside the said findings of the Tribunal.”

(emphasis supplied)

19. This decision has been followed in the case of State of T.N.

Vs. Thiru K.S. Murugesan and Ors.,5 which is directly on the

point. Although this decision was brought to the notice of the

Division Bench, to say the least, the same has not been analysed

by it in proper perspective, as is clear from paragraph 21 of the

impugned judgment dated 8th April, 2010. There is yet another

decision which has taken the same view in the case of L.

Rajaiah Vs. Inspector General of Registration & Stamps,

Hyderabad and Ors.6 The Court has unambiguously noted that

if the incumbent is undergoing punishment during the relevant

check period he will not be eligible for promotion for the relevant

period. Similar view is taken in the case of Collector of

Thanjavur Disitt. and Ors. Vs. S. Rajagopalan and Ors.7.

20. In the present case, it is indisputable that the punishment

awarded to respondent No.1, vide order dated 5th November,

1997, is to withhold increments for two years with cumulative

effect. That obviously was to operate beyond two years from

5 (1995) 3 SCC 273 6 (1996) 8 SCC 246 7 (2000) 9 SCC 145 25

1997. As mentioned in the counter affidavit filed by the

Additional Secretary of the State before the High Court dated

19th January, 2004 in O.P. No.35398 of 2002, that aspect was

duly considered by the DPC and the Competent Authority whilst

passing the order dated 20th November, 2004. It is for that

reason, the DPC held on 24th September, 2004 examined the

case of respondent No.1 and decided to include him in the select

list only for year 2003 as per Notification dated 28th October,

2004.

21. Indeed, the said order dated 20th November, 2004, was

assailed by respondent No.1 by way of Writ Petition (Civil)

No.7801 of 2005. But, unfortunately, the learned Single Judge of

the High Court did not examine these crucial aspects though

specifically raised by the Department to oppose the writ petition.

The Court instead was swayed away by the fact that

consideration of punishment awarded in 1997 to respondent

No.1, would be against the spirit of the earlier decision dated

23rd June, 2004 of the High Court and was impermissible.

Having so held, the learned Single Judge proceeded to issue

direction to the Competent Authorities on which the Competent

Authorities acted upon without any demur. Whereas, it is amply 26

clear that the learned Single Judge whilst deciding writ petition

OP No.35398/2002 nor the subsequent writ petition

No.7801/2005 adjudicated, much less answered, the issue of

permissibility or otherwise of taking note of the effect of

punishment awarded to respondent No.1 operating for two years

beyond 1997 and overlapping with the check period for vacancy

of 2001.

22. The fact that the Competent Authorities were ill-advised not

to challenge such untenable direction of the learned Single

Judge, would not preclude the aggrieved person from challenging

the same. As noticed earlier, the consequence of allowing the

second impugned decision of the learned Single Judge (dated 8 th

April, 2010) to remain in the field entailed in allocation of

notional date of promotion and seniority to respondent No.1 as

19th March, 2001. As, the seniority position of respondent No.1

was re-assigned on that basis, it directly affected the appellant

who was already promoted to the post of Deputy Superintendent

of Police in earlier point of time on 13 th September, 2002. If the

notional date of promotion allocated to respondent No.1 as 14 th

January, 2005 in terms of the order dated 20 th November, 2004,

was to remain in force, the respondent No.1 would remain junior 27

to the appellant at serial No.285 as against the seniority position

of appellant at serial No.208 as per the provisional seniority list

published in 2012. The respondent No.1 was upgraded in the

Seniority List in terms of government orders dated 27 th June,

2012, bearing No. G.O. (Rt) No.1934/2012/Home and dated 7 th

January, 2013 bearing No.G.O. (Rt) No.43/2013/Home,

respectively. As a consequence of these orders, the appellant was

shown as junior to respondent No.1 in the cadre of Deputy

Superintendent of Police and Superintendent of Police (non-IPS),

respectively.

23. Thus, the appellant was justified in challenging the

impugned decision of the learned Single Judge dated 8 th April,

2010 by way of subject writ appeals, because of the

consequential orders passed by the Competent Authorities

allocating notional date of promotion and assignment of seniority

to respondent No.1. The delay in filing writ appeals, in our view,

has been duly explained by the appellant. Further, the orders

passed by the Competent Authorities are the product of direction

given by the learned Single Judge. That will have to be effaced

as non-est consequent to setting aside of the untenable decision

of the learned Single Judge dated 8th April, 2010. 28

24. The fact that the subsequent decisions of the Competent

Authorities have not been specifically challenged by way of

substantive proceedings by the appellant, would not come in the

way of the appellant having succeeded in getting the order

dated 20th November, 2004 issued under the signature of

Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary to Government of

Kerala, revived and restored. The authorities may have to re-visit

the case of respondent No.1 to allot him date of promotion in

terms of order dated 20th November, 2004 and restore his

seniority position in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police

as 14th January, 2005 and correspondingly re-allocate the

notional date of promotion for the next promotion to the post of

Superintendent of Police (Non-IPS/IPS Cadres) respectively, if

respondent No.1 has completed the qualifying service period for

being considered for promotion thereto. We have no hesitation in

holding that merely because other officers similarly placed as

appellant have not questioned the impugned decision, will also

be no impediment in reviving and restoring the government order

dated 20th November, 2014 – as no prejudice will be caused to

them in so directing.

29

25. Having said this, it may not be necessary for us to dilate on

other issues raised by the appellant, including about the

interpretation of Rule 28 by the learned Single Judge and

upheld by the Division Bench of the High Court - that it is

mandatory to prepare a select list on year-to-year basis, as

expounded in the case of Union of India and Ors. Vs. Vipin

Chandra Hiralal Shah.8 We leave that and all other

contentions raised before the High Court or this Court, not

specifically answered in this judgment open. For, it is not

necessary for us to dwell upon the same and also to obviate

prolixity of the judgment.

26. Accordingly, we hold that the Division Bench has

completely glossed over the aforementioned legal position

regarding the efficacy of the punishment awarded to respondent

No.1 in 1997, which transcended to subsequent years,

overlapping with the check period of 1998, 1999 & 2000.

27. A priori, these appeals must succeed. The impugned

common judgment and order of the Division Bench of the High

Court of Kerala dated 31st January, 2014 in Writ Appeal Nos.953

and 1019 of 2013, and the judgment and order of the learned

Single Judge dated 8th April, 2010 in Writ Petition (C) No.7801 of 8 (1996) 6 SCC 721 30

2005 are set aside. As regards the impugned order dated 23 rd

June, 2004, in our view, it gives a benign direction to the State

Authorities to consider the case of respondent No.1 in

accordance with law and nothing more. As a result, the order

issued by the Additional Chief Secretary, Government of Kerala,

Home (A) Department, dated 20th November, 2004 is revived and

restored and all subsequent consequential orders/notifications

issued in relation to the subject matter concerning the promotion

and seniority of respondent No.1 will stand effaced as non-est.

As a consequence, the concerned authorities must re-visit the

case of respondent No.1 and allot him the date of promotion and

seniority to the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police w.e.f.

14th January, 2005 and thereafter to re-allocate fresh notional

date of promotion to the next higher selection posts, namely,

Superintendent of Police (Non-IPS & IPS), as the case may be, if

and upon respondent No.1 fulfilling the eligibility and qualifying

service period therefor.

28. We direct the concerned authorities of the State

Government to complete the necessary formalities in furtherance

of this order within three months from today and issue

appropriate notification(s) as may be required in that regard. 31

29. The appeals are allowed in the above terms. No order as to

costs.

……………………………….CJI.

(Dipak Misra)

………………………………….J. (A.M. Khanwilkar)

New Delhi;

October 04, 2017.