Maha Mineral Mining & Benefication (P) Ltd. vs M.P. Power Generating Co. Ltd.

2025 INSC 1085 Reportable IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. of 2025 (Arising out of SLP (C) No.1940/2025)

Maha Mineral Mining & Benefication Pvt. Ltd. … Appellant (s)

Versus

Madhya Pradesh Power Generating Co. Ltd. & Anr. … Respondent(s)

JUDGMENT

1. Leave granted.

Factual Matrix

2. In response to Notice Inviting Tender1 dated 17.05.2024, issued

by the 1st respondent for the purpose of run-of-mine (ROM) coal

beneficiation and managing logistics from Western Coalfields

Ltd.2 (Nagpur area) sources for Shree Singaji Thermal Power Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by NITIN TALREJA Project, Khandwa (Madhya Pradesh), the appellant and two Date: 2025.09.09 16:29:01 IST Reason:

1 ID 2024_MPPGC_341576_1, hereinafter referred to as “NIT”. 2 Hereinafter “WCL”.

Page 1 of 19 others, namely the 2nd respondent3 and one M/s NN Global

Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. had submitted their bid.

3. As NN Global Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. could not furnish earnest

money deposit, only the appellant and the 2nd respondent

remained in the fray. On 04.07.2024, the Tender Evaluation

Committee4 while referring to Clause 5(D)5 of the NIT rejected

the appellant’s technical bid holding as follows –

“As per Clause No. 5(D) “Past experience criteria” of NIT, bidder is allowed to use past experience of their previous Consortium or JV (proportionate to its share in that consortium if defined in the Consortium Agreement,

3 Rukhmai Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.

4 Hereinafter referred to as “The Committee”. 5 Clause 5(D): “Past Experience: Copies of successfully executed orders (including part

executed) in the name of bidder for same or similar work {similar work means coal lifting from mines of CIL subsidiaries or SCCL area, coal beneficiation (through wet process), movement of washed coal by road from washery to railway siding and movement of washed coal through Railways with experience in liaisoning with Railways/ CIL subsidiaries or SCCL area, i.e., arranging rakes, dispatches coal from own or leased Private siding or Goods shed Railways siding by loading of washed coal into railway wagons through own arrangement with monitoring the rake movement etc. up to the destination Power house}. Bidder is allowed to use past experience of their previous Consortium or JV (proportionate to its share in that consortium if defined in the Consortium Agreement, otherwise, lead partner if not defined in the Consortium) to meet out the past experience criteria of the tender. The order copies should indicate the above w/ork for 4 Lakh MT (4,00,000 MT) quantity or more in stale Owned Power Generating Companies or Other Captive Power Utilities of PSU or NTPC or Govt. Industries / Departments or Semi Govt. Industries / Departments or PSUs or Nodal Agency of any PSUs in India executed in last five years ending with initial date of opening of bid are to be uploaded. This order execution should be within a period of twelve (12) months. It may be through single or multiple orders (in parallel), but in case of multiple orders; these should be within a single span of time period of twelve (12) months.

1. The work execution certificate by the customers along-with self-attested un-priced copies of aforesaid work order(s) should be submitted.

2. For Past performance certificates - If worked with MPEB/ MPSEB/ MPPGCL in past for similar work, then it is mandatory to provide Satisfactory Performance Certificate for the same. Failing this, the offer shall not be considered.” (emphasis supplied) Page 2 of 19 otherwise, lead partner if not defined in the Consortium) to meet out the past experience criteria of the tender. The firm has used the credentials of their consortium M/s Hind-Maha-Mineral LLP for meeting out the past experience criteria. However, Agreement of the Consortium/JV is not submitted to substantiate the share of the bidder in that consortium. Bidder is disqualified due to non-submission of credentials as per Clause No. (5)D of the NIT.”

4. Appellant challenged the decision of the Committee before the

High Court of Madhya Pradesh.6 Appellant contended neither

Clause 5(D) nor any terms of the NIT expressly required a bidder

who was relying on past-experience of a previous consortium or

joint venture7 to produce the JV agreement itself to demonstrate

its proportionate share in the consortium. In terms of Clause

5(D) it had submitted a work execution certificate from

Maharashtra State Mining Corporation8 which inter alia stated

that the appellant was 45% Joint Venture/Consortium Partner

of M/s. Hind Maha Mineral LLP vide the JV agreement dated

02.12.2019 and had executed similar work in respect of WCL

command for the period 05.03.2021 to 05.03.2024. It was

6 Writ Petition No. 18286/2024. 7 Hereinafter referred to as “JV”.

8 Hereinafter referred to as “MSMC”.

Page 3 of 19 further clarified the JV agreement had been submitted before

MSMC.

5. In case of doubt, 1st respondent could have verified the

correctness of the certificate from MSMC or called upon the

appellant to furnish the JV agreement. On the contrary, the 1st

respondent arbitrarily rejected the technical bid on the ground

the JV agreement had not been furnished.

6. 1st respondent contradicted such stance and contended in the

event any bidder was seeking to rely on past-experience of a

previous consortium/JV, submission of the JV agreement was

implicit in Clause 5(D) of the NIT. Further, Clause 8.1 provided

that if the bidder did not submit the desired documents as per

NIT at the time of submission of the bid, he shall not be allowed

to submit documents subsequently and its bid is liable to be

rejected on account of incomplete documents. Clause 8.1 of the

NIT unequivocally states that –

“Instructions regarding shortfall documents:-

(i) The bidders not submitting all the desired documents as per NIT/Tender Document at the time of submitting bids, shall not be allowed to submit documents subsequently and their bids shall be rejected on account of incomplete documents. Thus, no "shortfall window" for Page 4 of 19 submission of shortfall documents shall be created by MPPGCL in the e-tender.

(ii) Accordingly, Clause No. 1.15 (VII) "Verification of credentials/PQR" of the Standard Bid Document (SBD) so far as it relates to "Shortfall of document" window shall not be applicable.

(iii) Any condition elsewhere mentioned in the NIT/Tender Document for submission of Shortfall Document shall not be applicable.

(iv) However, techno-commercial clarifications (if required) shall be obtained through e-mail/physical form from the bidders” (emphasis supplied)

The said clause is further fortified by circular no. F-

3/25/2015/13/109 issued by the Government of Madhya

Pradesh on 29.11.2023.

7. Appellant was fully aware of the requirement to furnish the JV

agreement to demonstrate its proportionate share in the

consortium in order to rely on the past-experience of such

previous consortium/JV. In fact after the closing date, by email

dated 05.07.2024, the appellant purportedly submitted a JV

9 Circular dated 29.11.2023: “It has come to the notice of the department that bidders are

being allowed to participate in the bid process with incomplete documents. Bidders are allowed to submit the balance documents in due course of time and meanwhile some of the bidders back out of the bidding process, allowing a few number of bidders to participate in the bidding process and quote non-competitive rates which results in financial loss to the Power Companies. It has therefore been decided that bidders not submitting all the desired documents as per NIT/Tender document at the time of submitting bids, should not be allowed to submit documents subsequently and their bids should be rejected on account of incomplete documents. If required, even fresh bid can be called to get competitive rates. As directed, it is request to please ensure the bidding process to make it more transparent and fair.” (emphasis supplied) Page 5 of 19 agreement dated 06.09.2019, which however did not

correspond to the JV agreement dated 02.12.2019 referred to in

the certificate issued by the MSMC. Be that as it may, such

subsequent submission of document was impermissible as per

Clause 8.1 of the NIT read with circular dated 29.11.2023 and

the technical bid was rightly rejected for submission of

incomplete document.

8. During the pendency of the writ petition, 2nd respondent was

declared as the successful bidder and was impleaded in the

proceedings. During hearing, the JV agreement dated

02.12.2019 was placed on record. Written submissions were

also submitted on behalf of the parties.

Findings of the High Court

9. By the impugned judgement and order, the High Court upheld

the decision of the Committee holding as follows:-

“22. Due to non-filing of Joint Venture agreement by the Petitioner, the Impugned Order rejecting the bid of the petitioner has to be seen wherein at the outset it has been stated that your bid for the above tender has been rejected during Technical evaluation by the duly constituted committee for the reason Bidder is disqualified due to non submission of credentials as per Clause No. (5)D of the NIT.” It is evident that the Petitioner has not filed the Joint Venture agreement. The Petitioner is disqualified for the reason of non compliance with the Page 6 of 19 requirements in terms of Clause (5)D. The reason is also assigned by the Respondent No.1 in their reply as to why the petitioner was disqualified. If the petitioner is relying on the Joint Venture Agreement dated 02.12.2019 then it was the duty of Petitioner to file the same while submitting the bid. The NIT condition no. (8)1(i) and (8)(1)(iii), specifically prohibit the submission of the document/shortfall document at a later stage. As per the NIT conditions, a bidder is supposed to upload all the requisite documents at the time of submission of the bid.

It is evident that the earlier practice of allowing bidders to fulfil the shortfall in documents left a scope for unfair practices in the bidding process and therefore, the said practice of allowing documents at a later stage has been discontinued in view of the past experience, as is evident from the letter 29.11.2023 of the GoMP, Energy Department. The Petitioner in the present case relied on the experience certificate issued by the Maharashtra State Mining Corporation dated 14.06.2024 wherein date of the Joint Venture agreement is mentioned as 02.12.2019. However, surprisingly the Petitioner neither filed the said document of JV on record at the time of submission of bid nor at the time of filing of the petition. Even the document of JV agreement, which the Petitioner has filed along with the Email sent to Respondent No.1, is dated September, 2019 and not 02.12.2019. The Petitioner has not filed the said JV Agreement from its own. It is apparent that there is a suppression of the JV Agreement dated 02.12.2019 by the Petitioner and hence, on this count of concealment of JV agreement dated 02.12.2019 the instant petition fails. The Petitioner has not given any satisfactory response in the petition or even otherwise for not submitting the document in alternate. Thus, the Petitioner cannot put forward its claim before demonstrating its bonafides that could have been done by duly submitting all the documents and by not engaging in active suppression and concealment…….” (emphasis supplied)

Page 7 of 19

10. Thereafter, referring to the written submissions made by the 2nd

respondent in light of Clauses 3.12, 3.13 and 8.5 of the JV

agreement, the Bench further held:-

“24. The additional submissions of the Respondent No.2 have force and it is evident that in any case, even if the above-mentioned documents were provided by the Petitioner would have been disqualified as its washeries had been committed to Maharashtra State Mining Corporation Ltd. alone in terms with the Joint Venture Agreement dated 02.12.2019. Even the experience Certificate issued by Maharashtra State Mining Corporation Ltd. to the Petitioner categorically mentions the Joint Venture Agreement dated 02.12.2019.” (emphasis supplied)

11. In view of the aforesaid findings, the Division Bench dismissed

the writ petition, giving rise to the present appeal.

12. Heard Mr. Narender Hooda, learned senior counsel for the

appellant, Mr. Bijender Chahar, learned senior counsel for 1st

respondent, and Mr. Shyam Divan and Mr. Balbir Singh,

learned senior counsel for 2nd respondent.

Analysis

13. It appears the High Court had not only upheld the

disqualification of the appellant by the Tender Evaluation

Committee for non-compliance of Clause 5(D) of the NIT but also

went a step further and held, even if the JV agreement had been

Page 8 of 19 submitted, the appellant would have stood disqualified since its

washeries had been exclusively committed to MSMC.

(I) Appellant’s disqualification under Clause 5(D) of the NIT

14. First, let us consider whether the decision of the High Court to

uphold the appellant’s disqualification under Clause 5(D) for

not furnishing JV agreement is justified or not?

15. Clause 5(D) of the NIT required the bidders to furnish

documents relating to past-experience in similar work. The

clause further provided that “bidder is allowed to use past

experience of their previous Consortium or JV (proportionate to its

share in that consortium if defined in the Consortium Agreement,

otherwise, lead partner if not defined in the Consortium) to meet

out the past experience criteria of the tender.” Sub-clause 1 and

2 of the said clause stated the following documents are to be

submitted:-

“1. The work execution certificate by the customers along-with self-attested un-priced copies of aforesaid work order(s) should be submitted.

2. For Past performance certificates - If worked with MPEB/ MPSEB/ MPPGCL in past for similar work, then it is mandatory to provide Satisfactory Performance Certificate for the same. Failing this, the offer shall not be considered.” (emphasis supplied)

Page 9 of 19 Appellants had submitted a work execution certificate from

MSMC along with its bid to support its past-experience as a 45%

proportionate member of a consortium/JV for similar work

executed at WCL in the last five years. The relevant portion of

the certificate reads as follows:-

“……this is to certify that as part of the aforementioned contract agreement, M/s Maha Mineral Mining & Beneficiation Private Limited being the 45% Joint Venture/Consortium Partner of M/s. Hind Maha Mineral LLP vide the JV agreement dated 02.12.2019 (submitted to this office by M/s Hind Maha Mineral LLP) has executed the said work in respect of WCL command for the period 05.03.2021 to 05.03.2024.

The details are as follows:

a. Quantity of RoM Coal Lifted: 1,41,55,130.40 MT b. Quantity of RoM coal washed: 1,17,95,440.46 MT c. Quantity of washed coal supplied to Mahagenco TPSs: 1,17,47,501.99 MT d. Approximate value of the work executed: Rs. 465 crores.” (emphasis supplied)

16. The aforesaid certificate clearly demonstrates that the appellant

had 45% share in a JV consortium namely M/s Hind Maha

Mineral LLP and had successfully executed work of similar

nature as required by Clause 5(D) of the NIT.

17. The Committee refused to rely on such certificate holding as

follows :-

“(v) As per tender condition no documents other than Consortium/JV Agreement can be permitted to meet out

Page 10 of 19 the above criteria as per the NIT. Thus, the certificate submitted by M/s Maha Mineral Mining and Benefication Private Limited cannot be considered as valid document for the same.”

18. Though the submission of a JV agreement has not been

expressly stated in the aforesaid clause, the respondents argue

that the proportionate share of a bidder in a consortium/JV can

only be established through production of the JV agreement

itself and the words used in the contract/tender document

must be read in a purposive manner so that no part of the

document is rendered superfluous. Respondents further

contend appellant had submitted its bid on the last day and it

was open to the appellant during the previous calls to seek

clarification whether submission of JV agreement was

mandatory. Appellant did not do so and intentionally

suppressed the JV agreement while submitting its bid to avoid

disclosure of inconvenient clauses in the JV agreement. This is

evident from the appellant’s conduct as it had after submission

of bid, emailed a purported JV agreement dated 06.09.2019,

whereas the JV agreement mentioned in the certificate was a

different one. Be that as it may, the subsequent submission of

Page 11 of 19 a JV agreement could not have been considered in light of

Clause 8.1 read with circular dated 29.11.2023.

19. We are unable to accept such arguments for the following

reasons:-

(i) Clause 5(D) merely states the appellant would be entitled

to use the past-experience of a previous consortium/JV in

the event its proportionate share is defined in the JV

agreement failing which the past-experience shall be

attributed to the lead partner. The clause does not

mandate the submission of the JV agreement itself to

satisfy such criteria. Appellant had relied on the work

execution certificate issued by MSMC which in no

uncertain terms states the appellant had 45% share in the

JV consortium named M/s Hind Maha Mineral LLP and

successfully executed similar work of a volume larger than

required under the clause. The certificate also mentioned

the JV agreement had been submitted and was in the

custody of MSMC.

(ii) It is nobody’s case that the 1st respondent had doubted the

authenticity of the certificate but had disqualified the

Page 12 of 19 appellant on the ground that Clause 5(D) mandated

furnishing of the JV agreement alone and nothing else to

prove proportionate share in a previous JV in order to use

such experience.

(iii) Conditions in a NIT must be clear and unambiguous. In

the event the tendering authority insisted on furnishing of

the JV agreement alone and no other document as proof of

the proportionate share of the bidder to avail previous JV

experience as prior qualification, it should have been spelt

out clearly in the NIT. Having not done so, the 1st

respondent cannot thrust the responsibility on the

appellant to seek clarification and submit such document.

As Clause 5(D) does not require submission of JV

agreement itself to establish proportionate share in the JV

whose past-experience the bidder is seeking to use, non-

submission of such JV cannot be a ground to disqualify

the bidder for submission of incomplete documents in

terms of Clause 8.1 of NIT. Admittedly, the appellant had

submitted the work execution certificate, as required

under clause 5(D), which also unequivocally sets out its

Page 13 of 19 proportionate share in the JV agreement whose prior

experience it had relied on.

(iv) Though it is argued Clause 8.1 as well as circular dated

29.11.2023 put an embargo on 1st respondent to rely on

documents furnished after submission of bid, nothing

prevented 1st Respondent to seek clarification with regard

to the proportionate share of the appellant in the previous

JV as disclosed in the work execution certificate. It may be

apposite to note Clause 8.810 of the NIT, couched in a non-

obstante clause, reserved the right of the 1st respondent to

seek additional information to satisfy itself with regard to

the eligibility of any bidder. 1st respondent failed to

exercise such discretion by fortifying itself through calling

for the JV agreement, which, when placed before this

Court, unequivocally endorsed the contents of the

certificate submitted by the Appellant.

10 Clause 8.8: “Notwithstanding anything stated above, MPPGCL reserves the right to assess the creditability, capability and capacity to perform the contract. Should the circumstances warrant such an assessment in its overall interest, bidder shall furnish additional documents to substantiate its claim. MPPGCL also reserves the right to seek such additional information as it may deem fit to satisfy itself of the eligibility of the bidder.” (emphasis supplied) Page 14 of 19

(v) The other argument advanced by the respondents is that

the appellant had acted with mala fide intention by

suppressing the JV agreement and subsequently

furnishing different versions of the said agreement at

various stages i.e., before the 1st Respondent, in the

Special Leave Petition and finally, by way of additional

documents respectively. This argument is unacceptable as

neither Clause 5(D) required submission of JV agreement

to prove proportionate share nor was the appellant called

upon to submit such document. Moreover, the

proportionate share of the appellant in the consortium as

reflected in all the documents, i.e., the JV agreement

submitted before the 1st Respondent, annexed to the SLP

and the agreement with additional documents, is the same

and consistent with the work execution certificate

submitted in the bid. For these reasons, we are not in

agreement with the argument that the appellant had

intentionally suppressed the JV agreement or had

approached the Court with unclean hands.

Page 15 of 19

(vi) Finally, submission of the 2nd Respondent regarding a

pending civil dispute between the consortium partners of

M/s Hind Maha Mineral LLP is also of little consequence.

Such dispute has no impact on the proportionate share of

the appellant in the JV agreement and the work executed

by the appellant as a part of the consortium for MSMC as

disclosed in the work execution certificate.

20. In these circumstances, we are inclined to hold the 1st respondent

acted contrary to the terms of the NIT and unfairly rejected the

appellant’s bid for non-production of JV agreement although

Clause 5(D) did not prescribe production of such agreement as

mandatory to rely on past-experience of such consortium in

which the bidder had a defined proportionate share.

21. Accordingly, decision of the Committee, upheld by the High

Court as per Clause 5(D) is liable to be set aside.

(II) Appellant’s disqualification under Clause 5(B) of the NIT

22. However, the High Court went a step further, traversing beyond

the reasons given by the Committee and held the Appellant

Page 16 of 19 would otherwise be disqualified under Clause 5(B) of the NIT.

Clause 5(B) reads as follows –

“Details of Washery:

Bidder should have its own Washery with wet beneficiation technology either of Heavy Media Cyclone or Heavy Media Bath or Wet Jig. The Bidder should have a minimum spare washing capacity using wet technology of 50% of annual tendered quantity, i.e., 5 Lakh Metric Tonnes (LMT), in area nearby to mines of WCL configured in the tender. Total distance from mine(s) to offered washery (ies) and offered washery (ies) to Railway siding shall not be more than 100 KM.” (emphasis supplied)

23. To arrive at such a finding the High Court relied on written

arguments submitted by the 2nd respondent and held as per

Clauses 3.12, 3.13 and 8.5 of the JV agreement the appellant’s

washeries were committed to MSMC and could not have been

used for the present tender. Mr. Hooda rightly contends the

issue was raised for the first time in the written submissions

and his client did not get the opportunity to controvert the

same. Referring to a chart placed before us,11 he vehemently

argues the appellant’s Gondegaon washery had a spare capacity

of 1.5 MMTPA12 which was much higher than the required spare

11 Annexure P-34 in the Appellant’s Rejoinder to the Counter Affidavit filed by the 2 nd

Respondent.

12 Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum.

Page 17 of 19 capacity under Clause 5(B) of the NIT. He further contends a

request13 had been made to MSMC to shift their operation to

other washeries in terms of Clause 614 of the contract agreement

executed between MSMC and the consortium, and the

Gondegaon Washery was available for execution of the work

under the present NIT.

24. We are of the considered view the aforesaid issue is a

contentious one and ought not to have been decided by the High

Court without giving opportunity to the appellant to controvert

the same. High Court also lost sight of the fact that the

Committee had not adverted to this issue and it was

impermissible for it to travel beyond the reasons given by the

Committee and disqualify the appellant. It is also relevant to

note that allotment of work order to 2nd respondent has been

made subject to the outcome of this proceeding.

13 Letter dated 14.06.2024, annexed as P-36 in the Appellant’s Rejoinder to the Counter

Affidavit filed by the 2nd Respondent.

14 Clause 6: “ACCEPTED RATES:- Accepted Rates for beneficiation of raw coal as below

(exclusive of GST). If any change in washery/railway siding is request by CONTRACTOR (LLP), then it should not put extra financial burden on MSMC……” (emphasis supplied).

Page 18 of 19

25. For these reasons, we remand the matter for a fresh

consideration whether appellant had requisite spare washing

capacity as per Clause 5(B) of the NIT and the validity of the

work order in favour of the 2nd respondent in light of such

decision. The High Court shall decide the matter as

expeditiously as possible preferably within two months from the

date of communication of this order.

26. The impugned judgment and order of the High Court is set aside

and the appeal is partly allowed.

…………………………………………., J (SURYA KANT)

…………………………………………, J (JOYMALYA BAGCHI) New Delhi, September 09, 2025.

Page 19 of 19