Karikho Kri vs Nuney Tayang

2024 INSC 289 Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4615 OF 2023

Karikho Kri … Appellant

Versus

Nuney Tayang and another … Respondents

With

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4716 OF 2023

JUDGMENT

SANJAY KUMAR, J

1. In the year 2019, Karikho Kri, an independent candidate,

Dr. Mohesh Chai, candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and Nuney

Tayang, candidate of the Indian National Congress, contested the election

to the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 44 Tezu (ST)

Assembly Constituency. The election was held on 11.04.2019 and Karikho Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by SNEHA DAS

Kri emerged victorious with 7538 votes, while Dr. Mohesh Chai secured Date: 2024.04.09 16:23:56 IST Reason:

7383 votes and Nuney Tayang secured 1088 votes.

1

2. Nuney Tayang filed Election Petition No. 01(AP) of 2019 before the

Itanagar Bench of the High Court of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and

Arunachal Pradesh, seeking a declaration that the election of Karikho Kri

was void on the grounds mentioned in Sections 100(1)(b), 100(1)(d)(i) and

100(1)(d)(iv) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (for brevity, ‘the

Act of 1951’). He also sought a consequential declaration that he stood

duly elected from the said constituency.

3. By judgment and order dated 17.07.2023, a learned Judge of the

Itanagar Bench of the High Court allowed the election petition in part,

declaring the election of Karikho Kri void under Sections 100(1)(b), 100(1)

(d)(i) and 100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of 1951, but rejecting the prayer of Nuney

Tayang to declare him duly elected, as he had not led any evidence to

prove the allegations levelled by him against Dr. Mohesh Chai, the

candidate with the second highest number of votes.

4. Aggrieved thereby, Karikho Kri filed Civil Appeal No. 4615 of 2023

before this Court and Nuney Tayang filed Civil Appeal No. 4716 of 2023.

These appeals were filed under Section 116A of the Act of 1951.

5. While ordering notice in both the appeals on 31.07.2023, in

exercise of power under Section 116B(2) of the Act of 1951, this Court

directed that an election should not be held for the subject Constituency

2 which was represented by Karikho Kri and permitted him to enjoy all the

privileges as a Member of the House and of the constituted committees but

restrained him from casting his vote on the floor of the House or in any of

the committees wherein he participated as an MLA.

6. Thereafter, during the course of the hearing of these appeals,

Karikho Kri filed I.A. No. 73161 of 2024, as a fresh schedule for election to

the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh was notified on

16.03.2024 and he wished to contest in the election that is proposed to be

held on 19.04.2024. He sought leave to contest as a candidate in the

upcoming assembly election in the State of Arunachal Pradesh during the

pendency of this appeal. By order dated 20.03.2024, this Court opined that

a strong prima facie case had been made out by him and, in the light of the

said fact, stayed the operation of the impugned judgment. This Court also

made it clear that any steps taken by Karikho Kri in view of the stay order

would be subject to the final decision that would be taken upon conclusion

of the hearing of these appeals.

7. In his election petition, Nuney Tayang claimed that the nomination

submitted by Karikho Kri was improperly accepted by the Returning Officer,

Tezu, as he did not disclose material particulars in his Affidavit filed in Form

No.26 appended to the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961. The High Court

3 framed nine issues for determination in the election petition and ultimately

held against Karikho Kri on Issue Nos. 1 (in part), 4, 5, 6 (in part), 7 and 8.

Issue No.9 pertained to the relief claimed by Nuney Tayang. The relevant

‘Issues’ read as under:

‘1. Whether there has been a non-disclosure of ownership of Hero Honda CD Dawn Motorcycle owned by the returned candidate, Shri Karikho Kri bearing registration No. AR-11-2446; Kinetic Zing Scooty owned by the wife of the returned candidate, Smti. Bagilu Kri bearing registration No. AR-11-4474; Van, Maruti Omni Ambulance owned by the wife of the returned candidate, Smti. Bagilu Kri bearing registration No. AR-11A-3100 and TVS Star City Motorcycle owned by Shri Goshinso Kri, the son of the returned candidate Shri Karikho Kri bearing registration No. AR- 11-6581, as is required to be disclosed under Clause 7(vi) of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, rendering the nomination of the returned candidate invalid?

4. Whether there has been a non-submission of no dues certificate with regard to Electricity Charges required to be submitted under Clause 8(ii)(b) of Form No. 26 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, as the respondent No. 1 was in occupation of MLA Cottage No. 1 at ‘E’ Sector, Itanagar, from the year, 2009-

2014, while the respondent No. 1 was an MLA of Tezu (ST) Assembly Constituency during the year, 2009-2014?

5. Whether the statements made by the respondent No. 1 about the liability of himself and his wife in respect of Municipal Tax, Property Tax, due and grand total of all govt. dues against Serial No. 6 & 8 of the table in Para-8(A) of the affidavit in Form No. 26 appended to the nomination paper of the respondent No. 1 has rendered the nomination of respondent No. 1, defective?

4

6. Whether the non-disclosure of assets both movable and immovable belonging to the respondent No. 1, his wife, his mother and his two sons in the affidavit in Form No. 26 appended to the nomination paper amounted to commission of corrupt practice of undue influence within the meaning of Section 123(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951?

7. Whether the election of respondent No. 1 to the 44- Tezu(ST) Assembly Constituency is liable to be declared void under Section 100(1)(d)(i) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951?

8. Whether the nature of non-disclosure alleged by the Election petitioner is of a substantial nature effecting the election of the returned candidate/respondent No. 1?

9. What consequential relief the petitioner is entitled to, if any?’

8. Nuney Tayang examined 7 witnesses, including himself as PW7.

Karikho Kri examined 39 witnesses, including himself as DW1A.

Dr. Mohesh Chai did not choose to contest the case before the High Court,

despite service of notice. Before us, however, he is duly represented by

learned counsel and also filed his replies in both the appeals.

9. The High Court held against Karikho Kri on Issue No 1, in relation

to three out of the four vehicles, viz., the Kinetic Zing Scooty bearing No.

AR-11/4474 and the Maruti Omni Van bearing No. AR-11A/3100, both

registered in the name of Bagilu Kri, his wife, and the TVS Star City

Motorcycle bearing No. AR-11/6851, registered in the name of Goshinso

5 Kri, his second son. The High Court was of the opinion that,

notwithstanding the sale of the Kinetic Zing Scooty bearing No. AR-11/4474

in 2009 and the Maruti Omni Van bearing No. AR-11A/3100 in the year

2017 and the gifting of the TVS Star City Motorcycle bearing No. AR-

11/6851 in 2014, these vehicles continued to stand in the names of Bagilu

Kri and Goshinso Kri, the dependent wife and son of Karikho Kri, on the

relevant date. Upon considering the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act,

1988 (for brevity, ‘the Act of 1988’) and the decision of this Court in Naveen

Kumar vs. Vijay Kumar and others 1, the High Court concluded that the

person in whose name the motor vehicle stood registered should be treated

as the owner thereof. In consequence, it was held that, as on the date of

presentation of his nomination on 22.03.2019 and its scrutiny on

26.03.2019, the above three vehicles were owned by the dependent wife

and son of Karikho Kri but they were not disclosed in the Affidavit in Form

No. 26 filed by him.

10. On Issue No. 4 with regard to non-submission of a ‘No Dues

Certificate’ in the context of electricity and water charges, etc., that was

required to be submitted under Clause 8(ii)(B) of Form No. 26, the High

Court noted that Karikho Kri had occupied government accommodation in

MLA Cottage No.1 at ‘E’ Sector, Itanagar, from 2009 to 2014, as the MLA of 1 (2018) 3 SCC 1

6 Tezu (ST) Assembly Constituency during those years. According to Karikho

Kri, he lost the election in 2014 and vacated the said accommodation. He

claimed that when he filed his nomination for the Assembly Election in

2014, he obtained a ‘No Dues Certificate’ after clearing the dues and

submitted it. As there were no outstanding dues thereafter and he did not

occupy government accommodation, he stated that he did not disclose the

same. As Karikho Kri admitted such non-disclosure in his Affidavit in Form

No. 26, the High Court held against him on this count.

11. As regards Issue No. 5, pertaining to the liability of Karikho Kri and

his wife in respect of their dues of municipal and property taxes, the High

Court found that Karikho Kri had disclosed the taxes due and payable by

him and his wife in one part of the Affidavit in Form No.26 submitted by

him, but failed to do so in another part thereof. He disclosed the dues in

Part A, Clause 8 (vi) and (viii), but failed to disclose it in Clause 9 in Part B.

Though the High Court held against Karikho Kri even on this count, Mr.

Arunabh Chowdhury, learned senior counsel, appearing for Nuney Tayang,

fairly stated that he would not be pressing this ground as there was

disclosure of the dues at least in one part of the Affidavit in Form No. 26.

12. As regards Issue No. 6, i.e., whether non-disclosure of the three

vehicles, registered in the names of his dependent wife and second son, by

7 Karikho Kri in his Affidavit in Form No. 26 amounted to commission of a

corrupt practice as per Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951, the High Court

referred to case law and held that such non-disclosure amounted to a

corrupt practice within the meaning of Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951.

13. The High Court then considered Issue No. 7, i.e., whether the

election of Karikho Kri was liable to be declared void under Section 100(1)

(d)(i) of the Act of 1951 and opined that when the nomination of the

returned candidate was shown to have been improperly accepted by the

Returning Officer, there is no necessity to further prove that the election

was ‘materially affected’. As the High Court was of the opinion that the

nomination of Karikho Kri had, in fact, been improperly accepted by the

Returning Officer, Tezu, his election was held liable to be declared void

under Section 100(1)(d)(i) of the Act of 1951.

14. On Issue No. 8 - as to whether the non-disclosures by Karikho Kri

were of a substantial nature affecting his election, the High Court observed

that disclosure of information as per Form No. 26 of the Conduct of Election

Rules, 1961, was fundamental to the concept of free and fair elections and,

therefore, the solemnity thereof could not be ridiculed by offering

incomplete information or suppressing material information, resulting in

disinformation and misinformation to the voters.

8

15. Coming to Issue No. 9, i.e., as to what consequential relief Nuney

Tayang would be entitled to, if any, the High Court noted that Nuney Tayang

had secured the least number of votes out of the three candidates and

though he made allegations to the effect that Dr. Mohesh Chai had failed to

disclose the properties belonging to his mother in his Affidavit in Form

No. 26, the High Court found that Nuney Tayang had failed to lead any

evidence in proof of this statement and, as such, there was no material to

hold that Dr. Mohesh Chai’s mother was even his dependent. On that

basis, the High Court held that no judgment could be pronounced against

Dr. Mohesh Chai, solely on the basis of the pleadings and allegations made

by Nuney Tayang in his election petition. In consequence, Nuney Tayang

was held disentitled to relief by way of a declaration that he had been duly

elected from 44 Tezu (ST) Assembly Constituency.

16. It is well-settled that the success of a winning candidate at an

election should not be lightly interfered with (See Santosh Yadav vs.

Narender Singh2 and Harsh Kumar vs. Bhagwan Sahai Rawat and

others3). The issue before us presently is as to the validity of the High

Court’s findings that the grounds under Sections 100(1)(b), 100(1)(d)(i) and

100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of 1951 were established, warranting invalidation of

2 (2002) 1 SCC 160 3 (2003) 7 SCC 709

9 the election of Karikho Kri. Further, the finding of the High Court on Issue

No. 6, that Karikho Kri committed a ‘corrupt practice’ within the meaning of

Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951 also requires to be examined.

17. Section 33 of the Act of 1951 deals with ‘presentation of

nomination papers and the requirements for a valid nomination’. Scrutiny of

such nominations is undertaken by the Returning Officers under Section 36

of the Act of 1951. To the extent relevant, Section 36 reads as under:

‘36. Scrutiny of nomination:-

1. On the date fixed for the scrutiny of nominations under section 30, the candidates, their election agents, one proposer of each candidate, and one other person duly authorised in writing by each candidate but no other person, may attend at such time and place as the returning officer may appoint; and the returning officer shall give them all reasonable facilities for examining the nomination papers of all candidates which have been delivered within the time and in the manner laid down in section 33.

2. The returning officer shall then examine the nomination papers and shall decide all objections which may be made to any nomination and may, either on such objection or on his own motion, after such summary inquiry, if any, as he thinks necessary, reject any nomination on any of the following grounds:—

(a) ….. or

(b) ….. or

(c) …..

3. …..

10 4. The returning officer shall not reject any nomination paper on the ground of any defect which is not of a substantial character.

5. …..

6. The returning officer shall endorse on each nomination paper his decision accepting or rejecting the same and, if the nomination paper is rejected, shall record in writing a brief statement of his reasons for such rejection.

7. …..

8. Immediately after all the nomination papers have been scrutinized and decisions accepting or rejecting the same have been recorded, the returning officer shall prepare a list of validly nominated candidates, that is to say, candidates whose nominations have been found valid, and affix it to his notice board.

18. In terms of Section 36(4) above, a Returning Officer is under a

mandate not to reject a nomination paper for a defect unless it is of

substantial character. Significantly, Nuney Tayang raised objections to the

candidature of Karikho Kri by way of his written representation dated

26.03.2019. Therein, he raised the issue of non-submission of a ‘No Dues

Certificate’ in respect of the government accommodation occupied by

Karikho Kri during his tenure as an MLA from 2009 to 2014. He also raised

the issue of non-disclosure of the vehicles, mentioned in Issue No. 1. By

his reply dated 26.03.2019, Karikho Kri informed the Returning Officer,

Tezu, that the vehicles, viz., the Kinetic Zing Scooty and the Maruti Omni

Van standing in the name of his wife had already been disposed of as was

11 the TVS Star City Motorcycle standing in the name of his dependent

second son, which had been gifted away. As regards the non-submission of

a ‘No Dues Certificate’, Karikho Kri asserted that there were no outstanding

dues against any government accommodation in his name. Karikho Kri

submitted documents with his explanation, including those pertaining to the

transfer of the vehicles in question as well as the ‘No Dues Certificates’ of

2014. Thereafter, Karikho Kri filed before the High Court, Certificates

issued in 2019 by the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited; the Department of

Power, Government of Arunachal Pradesh; and the Legislative Assembly

Secretariat, Arunachal Pradesh, confirming that there were no outstanding

dues. In effect and in fact, there were no dues payable by Karikho Kri in

relation to the Government accommodation occupied by him earlier.

19. In any event, it appears that the Returning Officer concerned,

being satisfied with the explanation and documents submitted by Karikho

Kri, accepted his nomination. No doubt, this preliminary exercise on the

part of the Returning Officer did not preclude the Election Tribunal, viz., the

High Court, from examining as to whether the acceptance of Karikho Kri’s

nomination was improper and, in consequence, whether it would have an

impact on his election under the relevant provisions of the Act of 1951.

12 Section 100(1) thereof enumerates the grounds on which an election can

be invalidated. To the extent relevant, it reads as under:

‘100. Grounds for declaring election to be void:-

(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) if the High Court is of opinion—

(a) …..; or

(b) that any corrupt practice has been committed by a returned candidate or his election agent or by any other person with the consent of a returned candidate or his election agent; or

(c) …..; or

(d) that the result of the election, in so far as it concerns a returned candidate, has been materially affected—

(i) by the improper acceptance of any nomination, or

(ii) by any corrupt practice committed in the interests of the returned candidate by an agent other than his election agent, or

(iii) by the improper reception, refusal or rejection of any vote or the reception of any vote which is void, or

(iv) by any non-compliance with the provisions of the Constitution or of this Act or of any rules or orders made under this Act, the High Court shall declare the election of the returned candidate to be void.’

20. The High Court held against Karikho Kri not only under Sections

100(1)(d)(i) and (iv) but also under Section 100(1)(b) of the Act of 1951, as

it was of the opinion that his failure to disclose the three vehicles, that still

stood registered in the names of his dependent family members, amounted

to a corrupt practice. Insofar as Section 100(1)(b) of the Act of 1951 is

13 concerned, the requirement thereof for the purpose of invalidating the

election of the returned candidate is that the High Court must form an

opinion that a ‘corrupt practice’ was committed by the returned candidate or

his election agent or any other person with the consent of the returned

candidate or his election agent. Section 123 of the Act of 1951 inclusively

defines ‘corrupt practices’, by stating that what have been enumerated

thereunder shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of the

Act of 1951. Insofar as the present case is concerned, Section 123(2) of

the Act of 1951 is of relevance. This provision reads as under:

‘123. Corrupt practices.—

The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this Act:— …… (2) Undue influence, that is to say, any direct or indirect interference or attempt to interfere on the part of the candidate or his agent, or of any other person with the consent of the candidate or his election agent, with the free exercise of any electoral right:

……’

21. The High Court opined that non-disclosure of the Kinetic Zing

Scooty and the Maruti Omni Van that had belonged to Bagilu Kri and the

TVS Star City Motorcycle that had belonged to Goshinso Kri, the

dependent wife and son of Krikho Kri, was sufficient in itself to constitute

‘undue influence’, thereby attracting Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951.

14 However, what is of significance is that the High Court did not doubt that

these vehicles had been sold or gifted long before the submission of the

nomination by Karikho Kri in 2019. This is clear from the observations in

Para 13 (xiii) of the judgment, wherein the High Court observed: ‘….at the

time of presentation of nomination paper of respondent No. 1, and on the

date of scrutiny of the nomination paper on 26.03.2019, notwithstanding the

aforesaid vehicles were gifted/sold to other persons by Smti. Bagilu Kri,

wife of respondent No. 1 as well as Shri. Goshinso Kri, son of respondent

No. 1; it has now become imperative to decide as to who was the owner of

the aforesaid vehicles at the time presentation of the nomination paper by

the respondent No. 1, and on the date of scrutiny of the nomination paper

on 26.03.2019’. This finding of the High Court has attained finality as

Nuney Tayang did not choose to challenge the same before this Court.

22. Though it appears that the three vehicles in question still remained

registered in the names of the wife and son of Karikho Kri, the question that

arises is as to whether non-disclosure of such vehicles justified the

attributing of a corrupt practice to Karikho Kri and the negating of his

election on that ground. The High Court assumed that the non-disclosure of

a vehicle registered in the name of a candidate or his dependent family

members was sufficient in itself to constitute undue influence. In this

15 context, the High Court placed reliance on the provisions of the Act of 1988

and the decision of this Court in Naveen Kumar (supra). Section 2(30) of

the Act of 1988 defines the owner of a vehicle as under:

‘ “owner” means a person in whose name a motor vehicle stands registered, and where such person is a minor, the guardian of such minor, and in relation to a motor vehicle which is the subject of a hire-purchase, agreement, or an agreement of lease or an agreement of hypothecation, the person in possession of the vehicle under that agreement;’

In Naveen Kumar (supra), a 3-Judge Bench of this Court was dealing

with the issue as to who would be the owner of an offending vehicle in the

context of the Act of 1988 when a claim arises from an accident involving

the said vehicle. ‘Owner’, as defined under Section 2(30) of the Act of

1988, was considered and it was opined that the person in whose name a

vehicle stands registered would be the owner of the vehicle for the

purposes of the Act. Reference was made to Section 50 of the Act of 1988,

which deals with transfer of ownership, and to various earlier decisions in

that regard and it was observed thus:

‘13. The consistent thread of reasoning which emerges from the above decisions is that in view of the definition of the expression “owner” in Section 2(30), it is the person in whose name the motor vehicle stands registered who, for the purposes of the Act, would be treated as the “owner”..……In a situation such as the present where the registered owner has purported to transfer the vehicle but

16 continues to be reflected in the records of the Registering Authority as the owner of the vehicle, he would not stand absolved of liability. Parliament has consciously introduced the definition of the expression “owner” in Section 2(30), making a departure from the provisions of Section 2(19) in the earlier 1939 Act. The principle underlying the provisions of Section 2(30) is that the victim of a motor accident or, in the case of a death, the legal heirs of the deceased victim should not be left in a state of uncertainty. A claimant for compensation ought not to be burdened with following a trail of successive transfers, which are not registered with the Registering Authority. To hold otherwise would be to defeat the salutary object and purpose of the Act. Hence, the interpretation to be placed must facilitate the fulfilment of the object of the law. In the present case, the first respondent was the “owner” of the vehicle involved in the accident within the meaning of Section 2(30). The liability to pay compensation stands fastened upon him. Admittedly, the vehicle was uninsured.’ (emphasis is ours)

23. Notably, the High Court overlooked the fact that the above

judgment was rendered in the context of and for the purposes of the Act of

1988 and not for general application. The judgment itself made it clear that

despite the sale/transfer of the vehicle in question, a claimant or claimants

should not be made to run from pillar to post to find out who was the owner

of the vehicle as on the date of the accident, if the sale/transfer was not

carried out in their books by the authorities concerned by registering the

name of the subsequent owner, be it for whatever reason. Further, vehicles

being goods, their sale would be covered by the provisions of the Sale of 17 Goods Act, 1930 (for brevity, ‘the Act of 1930’), and the same make it clear

that conveyance of ownership of the vehicle would stand concluded upon

execution of the document of sale/transfer and registration of the new

owner by the authorities concerned would be a post-sale event. Section

2(7) of the Act of 1930 defines goods, inter alia, to mean every kind of

movable property, other than actionable claims and money. Chapter III of

the Act of 1930 is titled ‘Effects of the Contract’ and ‘Transfer of property as

between seller and buyer’. Section 18 therein states that where there is a

contract for the sale of unascertained goods, no property in the goods is

transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained. Section

19, however, states that the property passes when intended to pass and

elaborates that, where there is a contract for the sale of specific or

ascertained goods, the property in them is transferred to the buyer at such

time as the parties to the contract intend it to be transferred.

24. In Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, Thiruvananthapuram,

Kerala vs. K.T.C. Automobiles4, this Court observed that registration of a

motor vehicle is a post-sale event but the question would arise as to when

the property in the motor vehicle actually passed to the buyer. That was a

case involving the first sale of a motor vehicle by the dealer to the first

owner and is, therefore, distinguishable from the subsequent sale of a 4 (2016) 4 SCC 82

18 vehicle, as in the case on hand. It was observed therein that registration of

a motor vehicle is a post-sale event but only after obtaining valid

registration under the Act of 1988, a purchaser would get entitlement to use

the vehicle in a public place. It was observed that the purchaser, as an

owner under the Act of 1988, was obliged to obtain the certificate of

registration, which alone would entitle him to enjoy the possession of the

vehicle by using it in public places after meeting the other statutory

obligations of insurance, etc. This Court rejected the contention that motor

vehicles would be ‘unascertained goods’ till their engine number or chassis

number is entered in the Certificate of Registration, as the sale invoice itself

would disclose such particulars, so that the owner of the vehicle may apply

for registration of that specific vehicle in his name. However, owing to the

statutory provisions governing motor vehicles, this Court held that an

intending owner or buyer of a motor vehicle cannot ascertain the particulars

of the vehicle for appropriating it to the contract of sale till its possession is

handed over to him after observing the requirements of the Act of 1988 and

the rules framed thereunder and such possession can be given only at the

registration office immediately preceding the registration. Owing to the

aforestated legal position, this Court held that, prior to getting possession of

the motor vehicle, the intending purchaser/owner would not have a claim

19 over any ‘ascertained motor vehicle’. The observations in this judgment

would, however, have to be understood in the context of the first sale of a

vehicle by the dealer, i.e., where such vehicle has no registration

whatsoever as opposed to the subsequent sale of a registered vehicle.

25. Presently, insofar as the Scooty bearing No. AR-11/4474 is

concerned, it stood in the name of Bagilu Kri but Md. Nizammudin (DW5)

deposed that he had taken this vehicle as scrap and sold it as such to

Promod Prasad (DW6). In turn, Promod Prasad (DW6) confirmed that he

bought the Scooty as scrap from Md. Nizammudin (DW5). During their

cross-examination, nothing was elicited from these witnesses to doubt their

claims. However, letter dated 20.09.2019 addressed by the District

Transport Officer, Lohit District, Tezu, to Bagilu Kri, manifests that the

registration of the Scooty in her name stood cancelled only at that time.

The taxes in respect of this Scooty were paid till 26.03.2022, as borne out

by Treasury Challan No. 4806 dated 30.08.2019. Though much was argued

about this payment of taxes and the fact that the receipt was issued in the

name of Bagilu Kri, we are not inclined to give any weightage to it. The

payment was made after the filing of the election petition and any person

could have done so. The receipt therefor would automatically be generated

in the name of the registered owner. We may also note that in relation to

20 the other two vehicles in question, there were actual documents of

conveyance and also proof of the requisite forms prescribed under the Act

of 1988 being duly filled in and issued by Bagilu Kri and Goshinso Kri. Form

No. 29, relating to notice of ownership transfer of a vehicle by the

registered owner, viz., the transferor, was issued in respect of each of these

vehicles but despite the same, the transferees did not do the needful to get

their own names registered as the owners.

26. In Surendra Kumar Bhilawe vs. New India Assurance Co.

Ltd.5, the issue before this Court was as to whether an insurance company

would be liable to cover the claim arising out of an accident on the ground

that the vehicle was sold to another long before the date of the accident but

the insured continued to be the registered owner of the vehicle. Referring to

the judgment of this Court in Naveen Kumar (supra), it was observed that

the policy of insurance was a comprehensive policy which covered third-

party risks as well and, therefore, the insurer could not repudiate one part

of the policy with regard to reimbursing the owner for losses when it could

not evade liability to third parties under the same contract of insurance. In

view of the definition of ‘owner’ in Section 2(30) of the Act of 1988, this

Court observed that the registered owner of the truck, on the date of the

accident, was the insured and, therefore, the insurer could not avoid its 5 (2020) 18 SCC 224

21 liability for the losses suffered by the owner, on the ground of transfer of

ownership. This Court held that it is difficult to accept that a person who

transferred the ownership of a goods vehicle, on receipt of consideration,

would not report the transfer or apply for transfer of registration and thereby

continue to incur the risks and liabilities of ownership of the said vehicle

under the provisions of law, including the Act of 1988. This Court further

observed that it is equally incredible that an owner of a vehicle who has

paid consideration to acquire it would not insist on transfer of the permit

and thereby expose himself to the penal consequences of operating a

goods vehicle without a valid permit. This Court, accordingly, held that the

registered owner continues to remain the owner and when the vehicle is

insured in the name of such registered owner, the insurer would remain

liable notwithstanding the transfer. This judgment is clearly inapplicable to

the case on hand as it dealt with the liability of an insurer in the event of an

accident involving the vehicle. Further, as already noted, the vehicles in

question were transferred and the requisite forms, insofar as the transferor

was concerned, were filled up and issued but it was the transferees who

failed to get the vehicles transferred in their own names.

27. Mere failure to get registered the name of the new owner of an

already registered vehicle does not mean that the sale/gift transaction

22 would stand invalidated and such a vehicle, despite being physically

handed over to the new owner, cannot, by any stretch of imagination, be

treated as still being in the possession and control of the former owner.

Once it is accepted that the three vehicles in question were either gifted or

sold before the filing of the nomination by Karikho Kri, the said vehicles

cannot be considered to be still owned by Karikho Kri’s wife and son for

purposes other than those covered by the Act of 1988. However, the High

Court did not take note of this distinguishing factor in the case on hand. In

Kisan Shankar Kathore vs. Arun Dattatray Sawant and others 6, the

vehicle, details of which had been suppressed by the returned candidate,

was actually owned and possessed by his wife and such suppression was,

accordingly, held against him. Presently, the High Court itself concluded

that the three vehicles in question were transferred, be it by way of sale or

gift. The vehicles were, therefore, not owned and possessed in praesenti

by the dependent family members of Karikho Kri at the time of the filing of

his nomination. This point of distinction was completely lost sight of by the

High Court but, in our considered opinion, it made all the difference.

28. Therefore, non-disclosure of the three vehicles in question could

not be held against Karikho Kri in the light of the aforestated analysis. Such

non-disclosure cannot, by any stretch of imagination, be treated as an 6 (2014) 14 SCC 162

23 attempt on his part to unduly influence the voters, thereby inviting the wrath

of Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951. We may note that Karikho Kri had

declared the value of the movable assets of his dependent family members

and himself as ₹8,41,87,815/-. The value of the three vehicles in question,

by comparison, would be a mere miniscule of this figure. In any event,

suppression of the value of these three vehicles would have no impact on

the declaration of wealth by Karikho Kri and such non-disclosure could not

be said to amount to ‘undue influence’.

29. Coming to the next ground, if the acceptance of a nomination is

found to be improper and it materially affects the result of the election in so

far as the returned candidate is concerned, Section 100(1)(d)(i) of the Act

of 1951 would come into play. It would be appropriate and apposite at this

stage for us to take note of precedential law on this point. In Vashist

Narain Sharma vs. Dev Chandra and others 7, a 3-Judge Bench of this

Court noted that the burden of proving that the improper acceptance of a

nomination has materially affected the result of an election would arise in

one of three ways: (i) where the candidate whose nomination was

improperly accepted had secured less votes than the difference between

the returned candidate and the candidate securing the next highest number

of votes, (ii) where the person referred to above secured more votes, or (iii) 7 (1954) 2 SCC 32

24 where the person whose nomination has been improperly accepted is the

returned candidate himself. It was held that in the first case the result of the

election would not be materially affected because if all the wasted votes

were added to the votes of the candidate securing the next highest votes, it

would make no difference to the result and the returned candidate would

retain the seat. However, in the other two cases, the result may be

materially affected and insofar as the third case is concerned, it may be

readily conceded that such would be the conclusion.

30. In Hari Vishnu Kamath vs. Syed Ahmad Ishaque and others 8, a

Constitution Bench of 7 Judges considered the scope of enquiry under

Section 100(1)(d) of the Act of 1951. It was observed that the said provision

required, before an order setting aside an election could be made, that two

conditions be satisfied. It must, firstly, be shown that there has been

improper reception or refusal of a vote or reception of any vote which is

void, or non-compliance with the provisions of the Constitution or the Act of

1951, or any rules or orders made thereunder, relating to the election or

any mistake in the use of the prescribed form and it must further be shown

that, as a consequence thereof, the result of the election has been

materially affected. The Bench observed that the two conditions are

cumulative and must both be established. It was further observed that the 8 (1954) 2 SCC 881

25 burden of establishing them is on the person who seeks to have the

election set aside. Reference was also made to Vashist Narain (supra).

31. In Kamta Prasad Upadhyaya vs. Sarjoo Prasad Tiwari and

others9, another 3-Judge Bench of this Court affirmed the legal position

settled by Vashist Narain (supra). Again, in Arjun Panditrao Khotkar vs.

Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal and others 10, a 3-Judge Bench of this

Court affirmed the view taken in Vashist Narain (supra) that, where a

person whose nomination has been improperly accepted is the returned

candidate himself, it may be readily conceded that the conclusion has to be

that the result of the election was ‘materially affected’ without their being

any necessity to plead and prove the same.

32. In Madiraju Venkata Ramana Raju vs. Peddireddigari

Ramachandra Reddy and others11, another 3-Judge Bench of this Court

affirmed that if there are more than two candidates and if the nomination of

one of the defeated candidates has been improperly accepted, a question

might arise as to whether the result of the election of the returned

candidate has been materially affected by such improper reception but that

would not be so in the case of challenge to the election of the returned

candidate himself on the ground of improper acceptance of his nomination. 9

(1969) 3 SCC 622 10 (2020) 7 SCC 1 11 (2018) 14 SCC 1

26

33. Ergo, if acceptance of the nomination of the returned candidate is

shown to be improper, it would automatically mean that the same materially

affected the result of the election and nothing more needs to be pleaded or

proved. However, whether acceptance of the nomination of Karikho Kri was

actually improper is the main issue that requires to be addressed by us.

34. We may also take note of curial wisdom on the issue as to what

would be the defects that would taint a nomination to the extent of

rendering its acceptance improper. In Resurgence India vs. Election

Commission of India and another 12, a 3-Judge Bench of this Court

observed that if the Election Commission accepts nomination papers in

spite of blank particulars therein, it would directly violate the fundamental

right of the citizen to know the criminal antecedents, assets, liabilities and

educational qualifications of the candidate. It was observed that accepting

an affidavit with such blanks would rescind the verdict in Union of India

vs. Association for Democratic Reforms and another 13. In effect, the

Bench held that filing of an affidavit with blank particulars would render the

affidavit nugatory. In Kisan Shankar Kathore (supra), the issue before this

Court was whether non-disclosure of certain government dues in the

nomination would amount to a material lapse impacting the election of the

12 (2014) 14 SCC 189 13 (2002) 5 SCC 294

27 returned candidate. On facts, this Court found that the non-disclosure of

electricity and municipal dues was not a serious lapse as there was a

dispute raised in the context thereof. Having said so, this Court clarified

that it would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case as to

whether such non-disclosure would amount to a material lapse or not. This

Court, however, found that there were, in fact, material lapses by the

returned candidate, inasmuch as he had failed to disclose the bungalow

standing in the name of his wife and also a vehicle owned by her. Further,

he had also failed to disclose his interest/share in a partnership firm which

amounted to a very serious and major lapse. The observations of this

Court, in the context of improper acceptance of his nomination, are of

relevance:

‘43. When the information is given by a candidate in the affidavit filed along with the nomination paper and objections are raised thereto questioning the correctness of the information or alleging that there is non-disclosure of certain important information, it may not be possible for the Returning Officer at that time to conduct a detailed examination. Summary enquiry may not suffice. The present case is itself an example which loudly demonstrates this. At the same time, it would not be possible for the Returning Officer to reject the nomination for want of verification about the allegations made by the objector. In such a case, when ultimately it is proved that it was a case of non-disclosure and either the affidavit was false or it did not contain complete information leading to suppression, it can be held at

28 that stage that the nomination was improperly accepted. Ms Meenakshi Arora, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Election Commission, rightly argued that such an enquiry can be only at a later stage and the appropriate stage would be in an election petition as in the instant case, when the election is challenged. The grounds stated in Section 36(2) are those which can be examined there and then and on that basis the Returning Officer would be in a position to reject the nomination. Likewise, where the blanks are left in an affidavit, nomination can be rejected there and then. In other cases where detailed enquiry is needed, it would depend upon the outcome thereof, in an election petition, as to whether the nomination was properly accepted or it was a case of improper acceptance. Once it is found that it was a case of improper acceptance, as there was misinformation or suppression of material i`nformation, one can state that question of rejection in such a case was only deferred to a later date. When the Court gives such a finding, which would have resulted in rejection, the effect would be same, namely, such a candidate was not entitled to contest and the election is void. Otherwise, it would be an anomalous situation that even when criminal proceedings under Section 125-A of the Act can be initiated and the selected candidate is criminally prosecuted and convicted, but the result of his election cannot be questioned. This cannot be countenanced.’

35. In Lok Prahari through its General Secretary S.N. Shukla vs. Union

of India and others14, this Court observed that non-disclosure of assets

and sources of income of candidates and their associates would constitute

a corrupt practice falling under the heading ‘undue influence’, as defined

under Section 123 (2) of the Act of 1951. In S. Rukmini Madegowda vs. 14 (2018) 4 SCC 699

29 State Election Commission and others 15, a 3-Judge Bench of this Court

observed that a false declaration with regard to the assets of a candidate,

his/her spouse or dependents, would constitute a corrupt practice

irrespective of its impact on the election of the candidate as it may be

presumed that a false declaration would impact the election.

36. In Mairembam Prithviraj alias Prithviraj Singh vs. Pukhrem

Sharatchandra Singh16, this Court noted that there is a difference between

improper acceptance of the nomination of a returned candidate as opposed

to improper acceptance of the nomination of any other candidate. It was

observed that a mere finding that there has been an improper acceptance

of a nomination would not be sufficient for a declaration that the election is

void under Section 100(1)(d)(i) and there has to be further pleading and

proof that the result of the election of the returned candidate was materially

affected, but there would be no necessity of any such proof in the event of

the nomination of the returned candidate being declared as having been

improperly accepted, especially in a case where there are only two

candidates in the fray.

37. In Association for Democratic Reforms and another vs. Union

of India and others17, a Constitution Bench affirmed that, in terms of the 15 (2022) SCC OnLine SC 1218 16 (2017) 2 SCC 487 17 W.P. (C) No. 880 of 2017, decided on 15.02.2024

30 earlier judgments in Association for Democratic Reforms and another

(supra) and People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) and another vs.

Union of India and another18, the right of voters to information, which is

traceable to Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, is built upon the

jurisprudence that information which furthers democratic participation must

be provided to citizens and voters have a right to information which would

enable them to cast their votes rationally and intelligently because voting is

one of the foremost forms of democratic participation. It was further

observed that voters have a right to the disclosure of information which is

‘essential’ for choosing the candidate for whom a vote should be cast.

38. In his Affidavit in Form No. 26, Karikho Kri was required to state as

to whether he had been in occupation of accommodation provided by the

Government at any time during the last 10 years before the date of

notification of the current election and, if so, he was to furnish a declaration

to the effect that there were no dues payable in respect of the said

accommodation in relation to rent, electricity charges, water charges and

telephone charges. Karikho Kri, however, failed to disclose the fact that he

had been in occupation of government accommodation during his tenure as

an MLA between 2009 and 2014. He stated ‘Not applicable’. However, with

regard to the declaration as to there being no dues, he mentioned the date 18 (2003) 4 SCC 399

31 ‘22.03.2019’ and stated that the dues in respect of rent, electricity charges,

water charges and telephone charges were ‘Nil’. After Nuney Tayang raised

an objection to his candidature on this ground, Karikho Kri filed the

requisite ‘No Due Certificates’ of 2014.

39. However, the High Court was of the opinion that the failure of

Karikho Kri to disclose the factum of his occupying government

accommodation from 2009 to 2014 and his failure to submit the ‘No Dues

Certificate’ in relation to such government accommodation was sufficient, in

itself, to infer that his nomination was defective and, in consequence, the

acceptance thereof by the Returning Officer, Tezu, was improper.

40. Having considered the issue, we are of the firm view that every

defect in the nomination cannot straightaway be termed to be of such

character as to render its acceptance improper and each case would have

to turn on its own individual facts, insofar as that aspect is concerned. The

case law on the subject also manifests that this Court has always drawn a

distinction between non-disclosure of substantial issues as opposed to

insubstantial issues, which may not impact one’s candidature or the result

of an election. The very fact that Section 36(4) of the Act of 1951 speaks of

the Returning Officer not rejecting a nomination unless he is of the opinion

that the defect is of a substantial nature demonstrates that this distinction

32 must always be kept in mind and there is no absolute mandate that every

non-disclosure, irrespective of its gravity and impact, would automatically

amount to a defect of substantial nature, thereby materially affecting the

result of the election or amounting to ‘undue influence’ so as to qualify as a

corrupt practice.

41. The decision of this Court in Kisan Shankar Kathore (supra),

also demonstrates this principle, as this Court undertook examination of

several individual defects in the nomination of the returned candidate and

found that some of them were actually insubstantial in character. This Court

noted that two facets required consideration – Whether there is substantial

compliance in disclosing requisite information in the affidavits filed along

with the nomination and whether non-disclosure of information on identified

aspects materially affected the result of the election. This Court observed,

on facts, that non-disclosure of the electricity dues in that case was not a

serious lapse, despite the fact that there were dues outstanding, as there

was a bonafide dispute about the same. Similar was the observation in

relation to non-disclosure of municipal dues, where there was a genuine

dispute as to re-valuation and re-assessment for the purpose of tax

assessment. Earlier, in Sambhu Prasad Sharma vs. Charandas

Mahant19, this Court observed that the form of the nomination paper is not 19 (2012) 11 SCC 390

33 considered sacrosanct and what is to be seen is whether there is

substantial compliance with the requirement as to form and every departure

from the prescribed format cannot, therefore, be made a ground for the

rejection of the nomination paper.

42. In the case on hand, it is not in dispute that there were no actual

outstanding dues payable by Karikho Kri in relation to the government

accommodation occupied by him earlier. His failure in disclosing the fact

that he had occupied such accommodation and in filing the ‘No Dues

Certificate’ in that regard, with his nomination form, cannot be said to be a

defect of any real import. More so, as he did submit the relevant documents

of 2014 after Nuney Tayang raised an objection before the Returning

Officer. His explanation that he submitted such Certificates in the year 2014

when he stood for re-election as an MLA is logical and worthy of

acceptance. The most important aspect to be noted is that there were no

actual dues and the failure of Karikho Kri to disclose that he had been in

occupation of government accommodation during the years 2009 to 2014

cannot be treated as a defect that is of substantial character so as to taint

his nomination and render its acceptance improper.

43. The High Court opined that the nomination of Karikho Kri was

improperly accepted by the Returning Officer as he had failed to disclose

34 the three vehicles in question, which continued to be registered in the name

of his dependent family members. Non-submission of the ‘No Dues

Certificate’ in respect of the government accommodation occupied by him

during his earlier tenure as an MLA was also held to weigh against him.

Lastly, the High Court held that non-disclosure of the taxes due and

payable by Karikho Kri and his wife was a defect of substantial character

and the same tainted his nomination. In consequence, the High Court

concluded that the acceptance of Karikho Kri’s nomination by the Returning

Officer was improper and as he was the returned candidate, the question of

pleading and proving that such improper acceptance of his nomination

materially affected the result of the election did not arise.

44. Though it has been strenuously contended before us that the

voter’s ‘right to know’ is absolute and a candidate contesting the election

must be forthright about all his particulars, we are not inclined to accept the

blanket proposition that a candidate is required to lay his life out threadbare

for examination by the electorate. His ‘right to privacy’ would still survive as

regards matters which are of no concern to the voter or are irrelevant to his

candidature for public office. In that respect, non-disclosure of each and

every asset owned by a candidate would not amount to a defect, much

less, a defect of a substantial character. It is not necessary that a candidate

35 declare every item of movable property that he or his dependent family

members owns, such as, clothing, shoes, crockery, stationery and furniture,

etc., unless the same is of such value as to constitute a sizeable asset in

itself or reflect upon his candidature, in terms of his lifestyle, and require to

be disclosed. Every case would have to turn on its own peculiarities and

there can be no hard and fast or straitjacketed rule as to when the

non-disclosure of a particular movable asset by a candidate would amount

to a defect of a substantial character. For example, a candidate and his

family who own several high-priced watches, which would aggregate to a

huge figure in terms of monetary value, would obviously have to disclose

the same as they constitute an asset of high value and also reflect upon his

lavish lifestyle. Suppression of the same would constitute ‘undue influence’

upon the voter as that relevant information about the candidate is being

kept away from the voter. However, if a candidate and his family members

each own a simple watch, which is not highly priced, suppression of the

value of such watches may not amount to a defect at all. Each case would,

therefore, have to be judged on its own facts.

45. So far as the ground under Section 100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of

1951 is concerned, the provision requires that the established

non-compliance with the provisions of the Constitution or the Act of 1951 or

36 any rules or orders made thereunder necessarily has to be shown to have

materially affected the result of the election insofar as it concerns the

returned candidate. Significantly, the High Court linked all the

non-disclosures attributed to Karikho Kri to Section 100(1)(d)(i) of the Act of

1951 but ultimately concluded that his election stood invalidated under

Section 100(1)(d)(iv) thereof. Surprisingly, there is no discussion

whatsoever on what were the violations which qualified as non-compliance

with the provisions of either the Constitution or the Act of 1951 or the rules

and orders framed thereunder, for the purposes of Section 100(1)(d)(iv),

and as to how the same materially affected the result of the election.

46. In Mangani Lal Mandal vs. Bishnu Deo Bhandari 20, this Court

held that where a returned candidate is alleged to be guilty of

non-compliance with the provisions of the Constitution or the Act of 1951 or

any rules or orders made thereunder and his election is sought to be

declared void on that ground, it is essential for the election petitioner to

aver, by pleading material facts, that the result of the election insofar as it

concerned the returned candidate has been materially affected by such

breach or non-observance. It was further held that it is only on the basis of

such pleading and proof that the Court would be in a position to form an

opinion and record a finding that such breach or non-compliance has 20 (2012) 3 SCC 314

37 materially affected the result of the election before election of the returned

candidate could be declared void. It was further observed that mere

non-compliance or breach of the Constitution or the statutory provisions, as

stated above, would not result in invalidating the election of the returned

candidate under Section 100 (1)(d)(iv) as the sine qua non for declaring the

election of a returned candidate to be void on that ground under clause (iv)

of Section 100 (1)(d) is further proof of the fact that such breach or non-

observance has resulted in materially affecting the election of the returned

candidate. For the election petitioner to succeed on such ground, viz.,

Section 100 (1)(d)(iv), he has not only to plead and prove the breach but

also show that the result of the election, insofar as it concerned the

returned candidate, has been materially affected thereby.

47. In L.R. Shivaramagowda and others vs. T.M.

Chandrashekar (Dead) by LRs and others21, a 3-Judge Bench of this Court

pointed out that in order to declare an election void under Section 100(1)(d)

(iv) of the Act of 1951, it is absolutely necessary for the election petitioner

to plead that the result of the election, insofar as it concerned the returned

candidate, has been materially affected by the alleged non-compliance with

the provisions of the Constitution or the Act of 1951 or the rules or orders

21 (1999) 1 SCC 666

38 made thereunder and the failure to plead such material facts would be fatal

to the election petition.

48. However, perusal of the election petition filed by Nuney Tayang

reflects that the only statement made by him in this regard is in Paragraph

21 and it reads as follows:

‘……Hence, his nomination papers suffer from substantial and material defects. As such, the result of the election, insofar as the respondent No.1 is concerned, is materially affected by the improper acceptance of his nomination as well as by the non-compliance with the provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and the rules and orders made thereunder, including Section 33(1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, Rule 4A of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and the orders made thereunder…...’

Again, in his ‘Ground No. (ii)’, Nuney Tayang stated as under:

‘…….As such, the nomination papers of the respondent Nos. 1 and 2 were improperly accepted by the Returning Officer and the result of the election in question, insofar as it concerns the respondent No.1 the return candidate, as well as the respondent No.2, has been materially affected by such improper acceptance of their nominations……’

Though there are some general references to non-compliance with

particular provisions of the Act of 1951 and the rules made thereunder, we

do not find adequate pleadings or proof to substantiate and satisfy the

requirements of Section 100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of 1951. Therefore, it is 39 clear that Nuney Tayang tied up the improper acceptance of Karikho Kri’s

nomination, relatable to Section 100(1)(d)(i) of the Act of 1951, with the

non-compliance relatable to Section 100(1)(d)(iv) thereof and he did not

sufficiently plead or prove a specific breach or how it materially affected the

result of the election, in so far as it concerned the returned candidate,

Karikho Kri. It was not open to Nuney Tayang to link up separate issues

and fail to plead in detail and adduce sufficient evidence in relation to the

non-compliance that would attract Section 100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of 1951.

The finding of the High Court in that regard is equally bereft of rhyme and

reason and cannot be sustained.

49. As regards the failure on the part of Karikho Kri to disclose the

dues of municipal/property taxes payable by him and his wife, the same

cannot be held to be a non-disclosure at all, inasmuch as he did disclose

the particulars of such dues in one part of his Affidavit but did not do so in

another part. In any event, as Mr. Arunabh Chowdhury, learned senior

counsel, fairly stated that he would not be pressing this ground, we need

not labour further upon this point.

50. On the above analysis, we hold that the High Court was in error in

concluding that sufficient grounds were made out under Sections 100(1)(b),

100(1)(d)(i) and 100(1)(d)(iv) of the Act of 1951 to invalidate the election of

40 Karikho Kri and, further, in holding that non-disclosure of the three vehicles,

that still remained registered in the names of his wife and son as on the

date of filing of his nomination, amounted to a ‘corrupt practice’ under

Section 123(2) of the Act of 1951. In consequence, we find no necessity to

independently deal with Civil Appeal No. 4716 of 2023 filed by Nuney

Tayang, in the context of denial of relief to him by the High Court, or the

issues raised by Dr. Mohesh Chai in the replies filed by him.

51. In the result, Civil Appeal No. 4615 of 2023 filed by Karikho Kri is

allowed, setting aside the Judgment and Order dated 17.07.2023 passed

by the Itanagar Bench of the High Court of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and

Arunachal Pradesh in Election Petition No.01(AP) of 2019. In

consequence, the election of Karikho Kri as the returned candidate from 44

Tezu (ST) Assembly Constituency of the State of Arunachal Pradesh is

upheld.

As a corollary, Civil Appeal No. 4716 of 2023, filed by Nuney

Tayang, shall stand dismissed.

Pending applications in both the appeals, if any, shall also stand

disposed of.

This decision shall be intimated to the Election Commission of

India and to the Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of the State of

41 Arunachal Pradesh forthwith, as required by Section 116C(2) of the Act of

1951.

An authenticated copy of this judgment shall be sent to the

Election Commission of India forthwith.

Parties shall bear their own costs.

………………………..,J (ANIRUDDHA BOSE)

………………………..,J (SANJAY KUMAR) April 9, 2024;

New Delhi.

42