Govindappa Gounder @ Govindasamy vs K.Vijay Kumar And Ors

2025 INSC 1134 REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 7464-7466 OF 2011

GOVINDAPPA GOUNDER @ GOVINDASAMY (DEAD) …APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

K.VIJAYAKUMAR AND ORS. …RESPONDENT(S)

WITH

CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 7467-7469 OF 2011

J U D G M E N T

1. Since the issues raised in both the captioned appeals are

same and the challenge is also to the self same judgment and

order passed by the High Court, those were taken up for hearing

analogously and are being disposed of by this common judgment

and order.

2. For the sake of convenience, we treat the Civil Appeal Nos.

7464-7466/2011, which are notified today at Serial No.103 of the

cause list as the lead matter.

Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by POOJA SHARMA

3. These appeals arise from the common judgment and order Date: 2025.09.20 14:08:24 IST Reason:

passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras dated

1 18.11.2009, by which the Second Appeal filed by the

respondents herein (original plaintiffs) came to be

allowed thereby set asiding the judgment and decree dated

18.12.2002 passed by the First Appellate Court in Appeal

Suit No. 15/2001 arising from the judgment and decree

dated 24.11.2000 passed in Original Suit No. 491/1994 by

the Court of the II Additional District Munsif,

Coimbatore.

4. This litigation has a long drawn history. The

appellants before us are the original defendants and the

respondents are the original plaintiffs.

5. During the pendency of the present appeals, the

appellant Govindappa Gounder @ Govindasamy passed away. In

such circumstances, we have permitted his legal heirs to

be brought on record. Some of the respondents have also

died.

6. It is the case of the appellants herein that

Govindappa Gounder @ Govindasamy was lawfully cultivating

the suit land bearing Survey Nos. 169-170 respectively,

situated in Village Pichanoor, Taluk Coimbatore South,

Tamil Nadu, admeasuring 6 Acres & 98 Cents. Since the

respondents herein claiming to be the lawful owners of the

suit property were trying to interfere with the peaceful

possession of the appellants herein, Original Suit No.

2 1363/1993 came to be instituted praying for permanent

injunction restraining the land owners from interfering

with his possession and cultivation of the subject land.

The Original Suit No. 1363/1993 was allowed. The same

came to be decreed. The Trial Court ordered that the land

owners shall not disturb or interfere with the lawful

possession of the tenant except in accordance with law.

We are informed that against the said judgment and decree

passed by the Trial Court in the Original Suit No.

1363/1993, appeal was also filed and the said appeal also

came to be dismissed.

7. We now proceed to look into one another proceedings.

It appears from the materials on record that the

respondents herein claiming to be the lawful owners of the

subject land instituted the Original Suit No. 491/1994 in

the Court of District Munsif, Coimbatore seeking permanent

injunction against the appellants herein restraining them

from cutting trees or from causing any damage or waste to

the subject property. The Plaintiffs in Original Suit No.

491/1994 also prayed for awarding adequate damages for the

alleged loss caused by cutting trees etc. It appears that

the Original Suit Nos. 1363/1993 and 491/1994 respectively

were ordered to be consolidated, since the parties were

the same and by and large the issues were also the same.

3 Common evidence was recorded. The Original Suit No.

491/1994 came to be allowed. The relief prayed for in the

said suit was granted. The appellants herein being

dissatisfied with the judgment and decree passed in the

Original Suit No. 491/1994, preferred a First Appeal in

the District Court. The First Appeal came to be allowed

and the judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court was

ordered to be set aside.

8. In such circumstances referred to above, the

respondents herein i.e. the original plaintiffs, went

before the High Court in Second Appeal. The Second Appeal

came to be allowed. The High Court set aside the judgment

and decree passed by the First Appellate Court and

restored the original decree passed by the Trial Court.

9. In such circumstances referred to above, the

appellants –(legal heirs), are here before us with the

present appeals.

10. We heard Mr. T.V. George, the learned counsel

appearing for the appellants, Mr. P. V. Yogeswaran, the

learned counsel appearing for the respondent no.1 and

Mr. Kamlesh Kumar Mishra, the learned counsel appearing

for the respondent no.4.

11. It appears that the judgment and decree that came to

be passed in the Original Suit No. 491/1994 lead the

4 respondents herein in preferring the Original Petition No.

16/2001 before the Assistant Commissioner, Revenue Court,

Tiruchirapalli. The said proceedings came to be instituted

by the respondents under the provisions of the Tamil Nadu

Cultivating Tenants Protection Act, 1955 (for short, “the

Act 1955”) for eviction of the appellants on the ground

that they caused damage to the suit land by felling trees

etc. It appears that the Revenue Court relied upon the

report of the Commissioner appointed by the Civil Court in

the suit proceedings and proceeded to pass an order dated

21.11.2008 allowing the Original Petition and directing

eviction of the appellants from the suit land. While

disposing of the Original Petition, the Revenue Court

observed as under:

“On behalf of the petitioner Ex.P.2 Court commissioner's Report was marked. The said report was marked in O.S. 491 of 1994 on the file of District Munsif Court, Coimbatore. In the suit was stated that the respondent has cut the trees and its branches also caused damages to the lands by digging pits therefore they sought for damages of Rs.10,000/- and also sought for permanent injunction restraining the respondent from cutting the trees and committing acts of waste, the Trial Court also decreed the suit and the said decree is marked as Ex.P.3.

Regarding this case it is accepted by both sides, that the petitioner was land lord and respondent was tenant, Ex.P.2 Court Commissioner, in his Report stated that trees and branches were cut down and pits also dug up in the lands. In Ex.P.3 District Munsif

5 Courts order also it is found that the trees and branches were cut off and pits were dug up.

Hence, the respondent has dug up the pits and cut down the trees and branches is proved. The respondent without cultivating the lands. Since cut down the trees and branches has caused damages to the land is proved. The Respondents were given the property for cultivation only. Since he has committed damages without cultivating lands he cost the tenancy rights and therefore losing the right as tenant.

Hence the respondent is directed to be evicted from the lands and to hand over the possession. To facilitate Executive Revenue Inspector to execute the order. The petitioner is to approach the Executive Revenue Inspector by Registered Post addressed to respondent and Village Administrative Officer.”

12. The order passed by the Revenue Court lead the

appellants in filing of the Civil Revision Petition No.

4052/2008 in the High Court. When the Second Appeal was

taken up for hearing by the High Court, the revision was

also heard together and a common order came to be passed.

13. At this stage, we must talk about the connected

appeals, which are notified at Serial No. 103.1 being the

Civil Appeal Nos.7467-7469/2011. These appeals have been

filed by one another branch of the family of the

respondent no.1 claiming to be the lawful heirs and owners

of the suit property. They also seek to challenge the

very same judgment and order passed by the High Court.

6 However, we need not look into these appeals as they have

already instituted the Original Suit No. 302/2009 in the

Civil Court at Coimbatore, wherein the respondents herein

are the original defendants. The Original Suit no.

302/2009 shall be decided by the trial Court on its own

merits.

14. In the present litigation, we are only concerned with

the order of eviction that came to be passed by the

Revenue Court on the strength of the decree that the Civil

Court passed in the Original Suit No. 491/1994. It

appears that the Revenue Court relying on Ext. P.2 i.e.

the Court Commissioner’s report, recorded a finding that

the appellants herein are responsible for cutting of trees

etc., thereby causing damage to the suit land. It was

also alleged that the appellants digged pits and

constructed huts in the suit land. This, according to the

Revenue Court, was in violation of the provisions of

Section 3(2)(b) of the Act 1955.

15. In the aforesaid context, we must look into the

provisions of law. The Act 1955 came to be enacted for

the purpose of protection from eviction of the cultivating

tenants in certain areas in the State of Tamil Nadu.

Section 3 provides in what circumstances the landlords

shall not evict the cultivating tenants. Section 3(2)(b) 7 reads thus:””

“3. Landlords not to evict cultivating tenants:-

(2)subject to the next succeeding sub-

section(1) shall not apply to a cultivating tenant-

(b) Who has done any act or has been guilty of any negligence which is destructive of, or injurious to, the land or any crop thereon or has altogether ceased to cultivate the land;”

16. A plain reading of Section 3 would indicate that no

cultivating tenant can be evicted from its holdings or any

part thereof at the instance of his landlord whether in

execution of a decree or order of a Court or otherwise,

but the same is subject to sub-Section (b). Sub-Section

(b) provides that whoever has done any act or has been

guilty of any negligence, which could be termed as

destructive of, or injurious to, the land or any crop

thereon, then, such a tenant is liable to be evicted and

he would not stand protected under the provisions of the

Act 1955. Section 3(2)(b) also provides that even if the

tenant has stopped cultivating the land, he would lose the

protection and would be liable to eviction.

17. The short point for our consideration is whether there

is any cogent material or evidence to indicate that the

appellants had indulged in cutting of trees or its

branches or digging up the land and thereby causing

8 substantial damage so as to bring the case within the

ambit of Section 3(2)(b) of the Act 1955.

18. We have already reproduced the findings recorded by

the Revenue Court. We shall now look into the findings

recorded by the High Court in this regard. Paragraphs 17,

18 and 19 respectively of the impugned judgment of the

High Court reads thus:

“17. Section 3 of Tamil Nadu Cultivating Tenants' Protection Act, 1955 prohibits the eviction of cultivating tenants by the landlords and one of the exceptions in Section 3(2)(b) goes thus:

"(b) who has done any act or has been guilty of any negligence which is destructive of, or injurious to, the land or any crop thereon or has altogether ceased to cultivate the land."

18. The civil court has rendered a finding to the effect that by means of the commissioner's report it has been shown that the nature of the property has been altered by cutting branches of several trees digging pits, put up new huts, constructing a water tank by embedding pipes in the suit land. The prescribed authority under the Act viz., the Revenue Court has exercised its jurisdiction in an appropriate manner in passing eviction order on the ground of causing destructive and injurious activities to the leasehold land. As far as the order passed by the revenue Court challenged before this Court is concerned, the fact placed by the appellants before the said court has been thoroughly and appropriately appreciated and eviction order has been passed.

19. It is urged on the side of the first respondent that there was no landlord and tenant relationship between the appellants and the

9 first respondent. The court has to bear in mind that only on behalf of Kuppusamy Gounder and Palani Gounder, who were then minors, Palaniappa Gounder leased the properties to Chinnaiah and after he left the properties with them, they took responsibility of the affairs of the suit property the fact that they are owners of the property having been known by the tenants and the undertaking on the part of the first respondent to the effect that he is ready and willing to attorn the tenancy in favour of valid title holder would go a long way to show that there is landlord tenant relationship existing between the parties.”

19. We take notice of the fact that against the order

passed by the Revenue Court referred to above, a revision

lies directly in the High Court as provided under Section

6(B) of the Act 1955, which reads thus:

“6-B. Revision by High Court - The Revenue Divisional Officer shall be deemed to be a Court subordinate to the High Court for the purposes of Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Central Act V of 1908) and his orders shall be liable to revision by the High Court under the provisions of the Section.”

20. We have reached the conclusion having regard to the

materials on record that there is nothing to indicate that

the appellants were negligent in any manner or had done

any act by which they could be said to have caused damage

to the suit land or could be said to have done something,

which could be said to be injurious to the land or any

crop thereon. We should not overlook the fact that the

appellants had been cultivating the suit land since 1955-

10 1960. They would be more concerned or interested to

protect the land, more particularly their crops they

cultivate. Assuming for a moment that there is something

to indicate that the trees were pruned by itself would not

bring the case within the ambit of Section 3(2)(b) of the

Act 1955. It appears that the Revenue Court mechanically

relied upon the Commissioner’s report and passed the order

of eviction. The High Court also in exercise of its

revisional jurisdiction under Section 115 of the Code of

Civil Procedure, 1908, affirmed the order in a very

slipshod manner passed by the Revenue Court.

21. In such circumstances referred to above, we are of the

view that the High Court committed an error in allowing

the Second Appeal filed by the respondents and thereby

interfering with the findings of fact recorded by the

First Appellate Court in favour of the appellants herein.

22. The Act 1955 was enacted solely to protect the

interest of the cultivating tenants. In other words, the

object in enacting the said Act was to protect the

cultivating tenants from forcible dispossession by the

landlords. In such circumstances, the provisions of the

Act should also be interpreted accordingly. In other

words, the provisions should be interpreted in such a

manner that the tenants are ultimately protected and are

11 not thrown out at the instance of the landlords who are

always interested to see that the tenants leave. It is

only when there is cogent, credible and reliable evidence

on record of gross violation of the provisions of Section

3(2)(b) of the Act 1955 that the Revenue Court may be

justified in ordering eviction of the tenant under the Act

1955.

23. The enactments like the Act 1955 are really meant for

the purposes proclaimed by them. The obvious effect of

such statutory provisions cannot be taken away or whittled

down by forensic sophistry. Courts should not allow

themselves to become tools for defeating clearly expressed

statutory intentions. [See: G. Ponniah Thevar v/s Nalleyam

Perumal Pillai & Ors. reported in (1977)1 SCC 500]

24. Beneficent construction involves giving the widest

meaning possible to the statutes. When there are two or

more possible ways of interpreting a section or a word,

the meaning which gives relief and protects the benefits

which are purported to be given by the legislation, should

be chosen. A beneficial statute has to be construed in its

correct perspective so as to fructify the legislative

intent. The Act, 1955 seeks to protect cultivating tenants

from unjust evictions and it is a cardinal principle of

law that in case of doubt, such Acts should be interpreted

12 to lean in favour of tenants.

25. In the result, these appeals succeed and are hereby

allowed. The impugned order passed by the High Court in

the Civil Revision Petition No. 4052/2008 is hereby set

aside. Consequently, the original order of Revenue Court

also stands set aside.

26. We direct that the respondents shall not interfere

with the possession of the appellants, save and except in

accordance with law.

27. In view of the disposal of Civil Appeal Nos. 7464-

7466/2011, the connected Civil Appeal Nos. 7467-7469/2011

also stand disposed of.

28. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed

of.

..................J. [ J.B. PARDIWALA ]

..................J. [ SANDEEP MEHTA ] NEW DELHI SEPTEMBER 10, 2025

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