Cardamom Marketing Coprn. vs State Of Kerala .

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4453 OF 2008

CARDAMOM MARKETING CORPORATION & ANR. .....APPELLANT(S)

VERSUS

STATE OF KERALA & ORS. .....RESPONDENT(S)

WITH

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 514 OF 2009

AND

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 490 OF 2011

JUDGMENT

A.K. SIKRI, J.

The two appellants before us in Civil Appeal No. 4453 of 2008, who

are the registered dealers under the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963

and/or the Kerala Value Added Tax Act, 2003 in the State of Kerala. They

challenged the vires of S.R.O. No. 226 of 2002 dated April 05, 2002 issued

Signature Not Verified by the Government of Kerala in exercise of powers under Section 76(1) of Digitally signed by ASHWANI KUMAR Date: 2016.09.29 12:54:43 IST Reason: the Kerala Court Fees and Suits Valuation Act, 1959 (hereinafter referred to

as the 'CF Act') whereby the Government authorised the tribunals and 2

appellate authorities constituted by or under special or local law, other than

civil and criminal courts, to levy additional court fee in respect of each

appeal or revision at the rate of 0.5% of the amount involved in the dispute

in cases where it is capable of valuation, and at the rate of ₹50 in other

cases. This notification further provides that the amount so collected shall

be credited to the Kerala Legal Benefit Fund constituted under sub-section

(2) of Section 76 of the CF Act. The main contention of the appellants was

that the aforesaid levy is in the nature of compulsory exaction/tax and the

element of service/quid pro quo was absent and, therefore, such a fee

cannot be charged. The High Court has repelled the challenge thereby

upholding the validity of the said notification following its earlier judgment in

Chackolas Spinning & Weaving Mills Ltd. v. State of Kerala, 2006 (1)

KLT 989, vide its judgment dated July 13, 2007. This judgment of the High

Court is challenged in this appeal on the same grounds. Subject matter of

the two writ petitions is also identical.

2) Before coming to the detailed submissions in this behalf, it would be

apposite to take note of the relevant provisions of the CF Act as well as

terms of the notification dated April 05, 2002.

3) The CF Act relates to court fees and valuation of suits in the State of

Kerala. The court fee calculated as per the provision of the said Act has to

be paid in respect of various kinds of proceedings initiated in a court of law

in the State. Clause (ii) of Section 3 defines 'court' and reads as under: 3

“”Court” means any Civil, Revenue, or Criminal Court and includes a Tribunal or other authority having jurisdiction under any special or local law to decide questions affecting the rights of parties;”

It is clear from the aforesaid definition that within the ambit of the CF Act, it

is not only civil or criminal courts but also revenue authorities, including the

tribunal or other authority having jurisdiction under any special or local

laws, to decide questions affecting the rights of the parties. Thus, revenue

courts as well as tribunals, when such bodies are deciding questions

affecting the rights of the parties, are treated as 'court' for the purpose of

CF Act. Fee prescribed under the said Act becomes payable in respect of

proceedings before these authorities as well.

4) Section 76 of the CF Act, under which the impugned notification is issued,

deals with 'Legal Benefit Fund' and makes the following reading:

“76. Legal Benefit Fund. – (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, it shall be competent for Government to levy an additional court fee, by notification in the Gazette, in respect of appeals or revisions to tribunals or appellate authorities, other than Civil and Criminal Courts, at a rate not exceeding one per cent of the amount involved in the dispute in cases where it is capable of valuation and in other cases at a rate not exceeding one hundred rupees for each appeal or revision.

(2) There shall be constituted a legal benefit fund to which shall be credited –

(i) the proceeds of the additional court-fee levied and collected under sub-section (1);

(ii) fifty per cent of the court fees levied and collected on mukhtarnama or vakalathnama under Article 16 of 4

Schedule II of this Act.

(3) The fund constituted under sub-section (2) shall be applied and utilised for the purpose of providing an efficient legal service for the people of the State and to provide social security measures for the legal profession.

(4) The mode and manner in which legal service to the people may be made more efficient and social security measures for legal profession may be provided, shall be as prescribed by rules made by Government.”

5) As is clear from the plain language of the aforesaid Section, this provision

empowers the State Government to levy an additional court fee in respect

of appeals or revisions to tribunals or appellate authorities, other than civil

and criminal courts. This can be done by notification in the Gazette. The

upper limit of such an additional court fee is one per cent of the amount

involved in the dispute in cases where it is capable of valuation, and in

other cases the additional court fee which can be levied is not to exceed

rupees hundred for each appeal or revision. This levy of additional court

fee is meant for Legal Benefit Fund. This Fund is to be applied and utilised

for the purpose of providing an efficient legal service for the people of the

State and to provide social security measures for the legal profession. The

mode and manner in which legal services are to be made more efficient

and social security measures for legal profession need to be provided can

be prescribed by rules made by the Government. For this purpose, the

State Government has framed the Kerala Legal Benefit Fund Rules, 1991,

These Rules prescribed the manner in which the Fund is to be operated. 5

Rule 3 thereof enumerates the sources of monies to the said Fund and

reads as under:

“3. Depositing of certain monies to the Fund. –

(1) The amount to be credited to the Legal Benefit Fund shall be drawn from the head of account 2014-800-06 Legal Benefit Fund – Contributions by the Secretary, Board of Revenue (L/R) and may be made available to the Secretary to Government, Law Department for depositing it in the Fund. Government may make available in the first instance for deposit in the Fund such amount as it may deem necessary for the initial working of the Fund. This amount shall be adjusted against the actual amount payable to the Fund on consolidation of Statements regarding court fees actually levied from the year from which this (sic – these) rules shall be brought into force.

(2) The amount of additional court fees levied and collected under sub-section (1) of S.76 of the Act shall be added to the Fund as and when such additional court fees are levied and collections are made. This amount will also be made available to the Law Secretary during the beginning of every financial year based on consolidated accounts of collection made in the previous year.

(3) The fund shall be deposited in the Public Deposit account as 'Fund' in the District Treasury, Thiruvananthapuram in the name of the Legal Benefit Fund Trustee Committee constituted under rule 4.”

Under Rule 4, a Fund Trustee Committee is constituted and detailed

provisions are made thereof for operating the Fund by the said Trustee

Committee as well as the functions which the said Trustee Committee is

supposed to discharge.

6) We may point out at this stage that the Legislature of the Kerala State has

also enacted a law known as the Kerala Advocates' Welfare Fund Act,

1980. Rules are also framed under the said Act which are called as the 6

Kerala Advocates' Welfare Fund Rules, 1981. The Welfare Fund Act is

aimed at providing of a Welfare Fund for the payment of retirement benefits

to advocates in the State of Kerala and for the matters connected therewith

or incidental thereto. Section 3 thereof deals with constitution of the

Advocates' Welfare Fund and reads as under:

“3. Advocates' Welfare Fund. – (1) The Government shall constitute a fund called the Advocates' Welfare Fund.

(2) There shall be credited to the Fund –

(a) all amounts paid by the Bar Council under section 12;

(b) any other contribution made by the Bar Council;

(c) any voluntary donation or contribution made to the Fund by the Bar Council of India, any Bar Association, any other association or institution, any advocate or any other person;

(d) any grant made by the State Government to the Fund;

(e) the amount set apart from the Legal Benefit Fund constituted under sub-section (2) of Section 76 of the Kerala Court Fees and Suits Valuation Act, 1959 (10 of 1960), for providing social security measures for the legal profession;

(f) any sum borrowed under section 10;

(g) all sums received from the Life Insurance Corporation of India on the death of an advocate under the Group Insurance Policy;

(h) any profit or dividend received from the Life Insurance Corporation of India in respect of policies of Group Insurance of the members of the Fund;

(i) any interest or dividend or other return on any investment made of any part of the Fund;

7

(j) all sums collected by way of sale of stamps under section 22;

(k) all sums collected under section 15 by way of application fees and annual subscriptions and interest thereon.

(3) The sums specified in sub section (2) shall be paid or collected by such agencies at such intervals and in such manner, and the accounts of the Fund shall be maintained in such manner as may be prescribed.”

7) It becomes clear from clause (e) of sub-section (2) of Section 3 that the

amount set apart from the Legal Benefit Fund constituted under Section 76

of the CF Act is to be credited to the Advocates' Welfare Fund, for providing

efficient legal services for the people of the State and social security

measures for the legal profession.

In nutshell, the additional court fee at the rate of 0.5% of the amount

involved or ₹50 in each case by the tribunals and appellate authorities

constituted by or under any special or local laws, other than civil and

criminal courts, is meant for the aforesaid Welfare Fund which is to be

utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Welfare Fund Act.

8) From the reading of the aforesaid provisions it becomes clear that Section

76 authorises the State Government to issue such a notification and

notification has been issued in exercise of powers contained therein. This

power extends to levy additional court fee by tribunals and other appellate

authorities constituted by or under any special law. The impugned

notification, therefore, is intra vires the provision of Section 76 of the CF 8

Act. Even the rate which is prescribed in the notification is within the outer

limit prescribed under Section 76(2) of the Act. To this extent, therefore,

there cannot be any quarrel.

9) However, the main argument of the appellants is that the additional court

fee which is to be paid on the appeals etc. which are to be filed either under

the Kerala General Sales Tax Act or the Kerala Value Added Tax Act by

virtue of the aforesaid notification, have no nexus with the object and,

therefore, it does not have any character of 'fee' as no services are

provided to the litigants in return. To put it otherwise, it is submitted that

since such additional court fee collected from the assessees like the

appellants is used for the benefit of the advocates and no benefit thereof

accrues to the litigants, charging of such additional court fee is clearly

impermissible as it amounts to compulsory exaction of the money from the

appellants in the name of court fee, without giving any corresponding

benefit to the appellants. It is more so when such an additional fee has to

be paid at each and every subsequent level of statutory appeal and

revision as well.

10) The aforesaid arguments of the appellants is devoid of any merit. Insofar

as the argument predicated on fee vis-a-vis tax is concerned, i.e. the

submission that the imposition in question is in the nature of tax inasmuch

as this imposition has no nexus to any object sought to be achieved in

relation to the service available to the appellants and there is no quid pro 9

quo, the same is dealt with by the High Court elaborately. The High Court

has referred to Entry 3 in List II (State List) of the Seventh Schedule of the

Constitution as it stood in the year 1960 when the CF Act was enacted on

receiving the assent of the President of India. This Entry reads as under:

“3. Administration of justice, constitution and organization of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Court; officers and servants of the High Court; procedure in Rent and Revenue Courts; fees taken in all courts except to the Supreme Court.”

By the Forty-Second Amendment to the Constitution in the year 1976,

administration of justice became a Concurrent Subject, having been

included as Entry 11A in List III which resulted in requisite modification to

Entry 3 in List II as well. At the same time, by the very same amendment,

Article 39-A was also inserted in Part IV of the Constitution which relates to

the Directive Principles of State Policy. This Article exhorts the State to

provide equal justice and free legal aid and reads as under:

“39A. Equal justice and free legal aid. The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.”

As per the High Court, the administration of justice, thus, becomes a

distinct topic and Article 39A calls upon the State to ensure establishment

of such legal system which promotes justice and provides free legal aid.

11) We agree with the aforesaid approach of the High Court. First of all, the 10

argument of the appellants ignores that as per Section 76(3) of the CF Act,

one of the purposes for which the Fund is to be utilised is for providing

efficient legal services for the people of the State. It clearly amounts to

quid pro quo. Other purpose is also for the benefit of the public at large.

When we talk of sound and stable system of administration of justice, all

the stakeholders in the said legal system need to be taken care of. Legal

community and advocates are inseparable and important part of robust

legal system and they not only aid in seeking access to justice but also

promote justice. Judges cannot perform their task of dispensing justice

effectively without the able support of advocates. In that sense, advocates

play an important role in the administration of justice. It is wisely said that

for any society governed by Rule of Law, effective judicial system is a

necessary concomitant. The Rule of Law reflects man's sense of order and

justice. There can be no Government without order; there can be no order

without law; and there can be no administration of law without lawyers. It is

no small service to be called upon to prosecute and enforce the rights of a

litigant through the court of law and in that sense the legal profession is

treated as service to the justice seekers. It is, therefore, by contributing an

essential aid to the process of the administration of justice that the

advocate discharges a public duty of the highest utility.

12) When the subject matter of the instant cases is examined in the aforesaid

hue, it becomes apparent that providing social security to the legal

profession becomes an essential part of any legal system which has to be 11

effective, efficient and robust to enable it to provide necessary service to

the consumers of justice. Section 76 of the CF Act and the impugned

notification vide which additional court fee is imposed have a direct nexus

to the objective sought to be achieved in relation to the service available to

the appellants or others who approached the courts/tribunals for redressal

of their grievances.

13) We, thus, do not find any merit in the appeal and the writ petitions, which

are accordingly dismissed.

.............................................J. (A.K. SIKRI)

.............................................J. (S.A. BOBDE)

.............................................J. (ASHOK BHUSHAN)

NEW DELHI;

SEPTEMBER 01, 2016.

12

REVISED

ITEM NO.102 COURT NO.11 SECTION IIIA

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Civil Appeal No(s). 4453/2008

CARDAMOM MARKETING COPRN. & ANR. Appellant(s)

VERSUS STATE OF KERALA & ORS. Respondent(s) (with interim relief and office report)

WITH W.P.(C) No. 514/2009 (With Office Report)

W.P.(C) No. 490/2011

Date : 01/09/2016 These matters were called on for hearing today.

CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.K. SIKRI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.A. BOBDE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ASHOK BHUSHAN

For Appellant(s) Mr. V. K. Sidharthan,Adv.

Mr. Shabu Sreedharan, Adv.

Mr. Parijat Sinha,Adv.

Ms. Reshmi Rea Sinha, Adv.

Mr. Joydeep Majumdar, Adv.

Mr. Hrishikesh Baruah,Adv.

For Respondent(s) Mr. P.V. Surendranath, Sr. Adv.

Mr. Manu Krishnan, Adv.

Mr. C. K. Sasi,Adv.

UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R

The Civil Appeal as well as Writ Petitions are dismissed in terms of the signed judgment.

Pending application, if any, shall be disposed of accordingly.

(Ashwani Thakur) (Tapan Kr. Chakraborty) COURT MASTER COURT MASTER

(Signed reportable judgment is placed on the file) 13

ITEM NO.102 COURT NO.11 SECTION IIIA

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Civil Appeal No(s). 4453/2008

CARDAMOM MARKETING COPRN. & ANR. Appellant(s)

VERSUS STATE OF KERALA & ORS. Respondent(s) (with interim relief and office report)

WITH W.P.(C) No. 514/2009 (With Office Report)

W.P.(C) No. 490/2011

Date : 01/09/2016 These matters were called on for hearing today.

CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.K. SIKRI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.A. BOBDE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ASHOK BHUSHAN

For Appellant(s) Mr. V. K. Sidharthan,Adv.

Mr. Shabu Sreedharan, Adv.

Mr. Parijat Sinha,Adv.

Ms. Reshmi Rea Sinha, Adv.

Mr. Joydeep Majumdar, Adv.

Mr. Hrishikesh Baruah,Adv.

For Respondent(s) Mr. Manu Krishnan, Adv. Mr. C. K. Sasi,Adv.

UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R

The Civil Appeal as well as Writ Petitions are dismissed in

terms of the signed judgment.

Pending application, if any, shall be disposed of accordingly.

(Ashwani Thakur) (Tapan Kr. Chakraborty) COURT MASTER COURT MASTER

(Signed reportable judgment is placed on the file)