Bbm Enterprises vs The State Of West Bengal

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2834 OF 2020 (ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 11697 OF 2019)

B.B.M ENTERPRISES …APPELLANT

VERSUS

THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ANR. …RESPONDENTS

WITH

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2835 OF 2020 (ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 11775 OF 2019)

JUDGMENT

R.F. Nariman, J.

1) Leave granted.

2) We have heard learned counsel for the parties at great length.

3) Mr. Sidharth Luthra, learned Senior Advocate, appearing on

behalf of the respondent, painstakingly took us through the records,

including the Award, in order to point out various deficiencies which,

according to him, fell within the parameters of a Section 34 petition

Signature Not Verified as a result of which we should not therefore disturb the judgment of Digitally signed by

the High Court, which has merely remanded the matter and directed INDU MARWAH Date: 2020.08.05 17:46:53 IST Reason:

that the matter be disposed of in six months.

2 4) This matter has a chequered history. The Award that was made

by the learned Arbitrator was on 16.09.2009. Five claims were

made before him amounting in all to Rs. 2,08,59,989. However,

ultimately the Award that was made in favour of the appellant herein

was to the extent of Rs. 1,38,44,430 plus 15% on a sum of Rs.

1,17,77,080 as pendente lite interest plus Rs. 2,67,350 by way of

costs without interest. If the said amount, dehors costs, was not

paid in four months, the interest figure would become higher and

would attract 18%.

5) When the Award was put into execution, the Executing Court

pointed out that by the date of its order dated 11.02.2010, the 120

day period – beyond which no Award can be challenged – was

already over and therefore proceeded with the execution. It was

only when an order of 17.02.2010 was made directing the RBI to

disburse the awarded amount after attaching the Government’s

Bank Account, and the reply of the RBI dated 20.02.2010 stating

that adequate funds were not in such account, that the matter was

then remitted by the High Court by an order dated 24.02.2010

stating that the Government was willing to deposit, at that point of

time, 50% of the decretal dues in two weeks. At this stage,

therefore, the High Court set aside the Executing Court’s order

dated 17.02.2010. It is only after these proceedings that the 3

respondent woke up and filed a Section 34 petition challenging the

Award on 02.04.2010.

6) In the first round of litigation, the Section 34 petition was

dismissed by the learned District Judge on 22.03.2012, stating that

the period of 120 days was over, and hence no foray into the merits

would be permissible at this stage. However, by an order dated

11.01.2013, the Division Bench set aside this judgment and

remanded the matter for a fresh hearing.

7) The learned District Judge, in the second round, by an order

dated 22.12.2016, heard learned counsel for both parties and found

as follows:-

“A court must not substitute its interpretation as against the views and interpretation of the arbitrator, the finding of the arbitrator requires to be accepted without demur because court has no power or jurisdiction to sit over the finding of fact arrived at by the arbitrators. In the instant case, so far I could realize from the argument as advanced by the Ld. Advocate of the petitioner and also from the petition under Sec. 34 of Arbitration & Conciliation Act and the photo copy of documents placed before the court that the petitioner challenges the finding of facts but nothing is oozing out from record that the impugned award is perverse either on account of interpretation of law or any other collateral aspect and consequent decision taken by the Arbitrator. The ground upon which the award is challenged is an entirely factual issue; in no way covered by any ground as enumerated in Sec. 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. We cannot forget that since the arbitrator is a judge appointed by the parties, the parties are bound by his decision.

4 His decision is final unless the reasons given by him in arriving at his decision are totally perverse or award is based on wrong proposition of law. In this case the dispute arises out of work contract, its execution and payment, i.e. Amount of claim, that aspect totally comes within the jurisdiction of arbitrator that very finding cannot be interfered in a proceeding under Sec. 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. In a case titled Union of India vs. Kalinga Construction Company, reported in AIR 1971 SC 646 it has been categorically held by the Hon’ble Supreme Court that it is not open to the court to re-examine and reappraise the evidence considered by the arbitrator to hold that the conclusion reached by the arbitrator is wrong. It is also settled principle that award cannot be challenged on the ground arbitrator has arrived at a wrong conclusion or has failed to properly appreciate the facts and evidence. As per ratio of decision reported in 1994 (1) Arbi. L.R. 45, AIR 2003 NOC 156 (Raj) and in consonance with the object of Arbitration & Conciliation Act jurisdiction of the court has been fettered. In Narayan Prasad Lohia vs. N. Kunj Kumar Lohia reported in (2002) 3 SCC 572, it has been held that one of the objects of the said Act is to minimize the role of Courts in the arbitration process. This has been find place in Sec. 5 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act and Sec. 5 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act speaks that Judicial authorities should not interfere except where, so provided in the Act. It is the intention of the legislature that there should be a minimum interference with the award. It can only be challenged under Sec. 34 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act. Taking the risk of repetition I again mentioned there is no valid ground in the petition under Sec. 34 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act for challenging the award. On perusal of the award it has come to my notice that Ld. Arbitrator has dealt with all the pleas/issues at the time of arbitration hearing and there is nothing which may tantamount to any glaring procedural defect or there is any manifest error on the point of law or any miscarriage of 5

justice had been taken place. Ld. Arbitrator has given a detailed, speaking and well reasoned award. Therefore, there is no iota of evidence to cast doubt about the integrity of award or arbitrator was biased because Arbitrator has the jurisdiction and authority to decide the question of entitlement of contractor’s enhanced claim. I get support of this view from the decision reported in 2003 (2) Arbi L.R. 280 (DB). So, award requires no interference.”

8) The impugned order dated 01.03.2019 set aside the learned

District Judge’s order stating:

“Even assuming that the award was assailable on the basis of unamended provisions of Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, the Court would expect that there would be some discussion on the merits of the objection on the award and not a mechanical affirmation of the award by simply stating that the award does not come within any of the grounds of challenge enumerated in Section 34 of the Act. The learned Trial Judge did not indicate the reason as to why the award is unassailable under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act.”

Having so held, the matter was remanded to be disposed of in six

months. The stay that has been granted throughout the hearing

would continue. A resume of these facts would show that the

matter has gone up and down already twice. We may only state

that even though it does not appear that, in the second round, the

point of limitation was argued, since a de novo hearing by the

Division Bench was ordered on 11.01.2013, this point also stared at

the Court like a sore thumb. We are not satisfied that there is any 6

answer to the limitation point. Even otherwise, having perused the

order of the learned District Judge, we are of the view that adequate

reasons were given to dispose of the Section 34 petition filed by the

respondent. We do not agree with the High Court that no reasons

were given as a result of which a remand ought to be ordered.

Resultantly, therefore the impugned High Court judgment is set

aside and the judgment dated 22.12.2016 passed by the learned

District Judge is affirmed.

9) At the fag end, Mr. Sidharth Luthra, learned Senior Advocate,

made a fervent appeal to reduce the rate of interest which would be

18% after the four months from the date of the Award expired. We

think the interest of justice requires that 18% be set aside and that

the respondent pay interest at the rate of 15%. Further, he prayed

that six months’ time be granted in order to pay the balance amount

under the Award. We think, in the circumstances of the case, a

period of three months is reasonable.

10) The appeals are disposed of accordingly.

……………….......................... J. (ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN)

……………….......................... J. (NAVIN SINHA)

…………….…........................ J.

New Delhi (INDIRA BANERJEE) July 30, 2020.