Babu vs State Of Kerala

Babu ...Appellant

Versus

State of Kerala ...Respondent

JUDGMENT

Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.

1. This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and

order dated 5.8.2008, passed by the High Court of Kerala, at

Ernakulam, in Criminal Appeal No.908 of 2004, reversing the

judgment of acquittal dated 8.4.2003 recorded by the Sessions

Court, Thrissur in Sessions Case No. 242 of 2001, wherein the

appellant was charge sheeted for murdering his wife, Sweety,

by giving her Sodium Cyanide.

2. This is a most unfortunate case, in which, a young,

B.Com 2nd year student, Sweety died under mysterious

circumstances within 15 days of her marriage in her parent's

house at Chalakudy. The appellant, Babu, is post-graduate

and at relevant time had been employed in the Gulf in a firm,

namely, Alukkas Jewellery dealing with golden Jewellery. The

couple, after marriage on 15.5.2000, stayed for two days with

the brother of the appellant at Ollur and they came back to

Chalakudy on 17.5.2000, as the parents of Sweety had

arranged a reception for them at their house. The couple

stayed there for two days and left for Kozhikode on 19.5.2000

and stayed in the house of Benny (PW.10), a friend of the

appellant. The couple came back on 22.5.2000 to Chalakudy,

the family house of the deceased, Sweety. The couple again

went to Kozhikode on 30.5.2000 to attend the marriage of

Benny (PW.10) with one Seethal, which was scheduled to be

held on 31.5.2000 and returned to Chalakudy, at 4.00 p.m.

on 1.6.2000. The appellant left Sweety at her parent's house

and went to Amala Hospital to meet his sister and mother as

his mother had undergone an operation for cancer and was

2 convalescing. The appellant returned to Sweety's house at

about 10.30 p.m. and found that door of her room was bolted

from inside and there was no response on calling to her. The

door was broke opened by the appellant and Sweety's father.

Sweety was found unconscious lying on the floor. She was

taken to the Government Hospital, Chalakudy, where she was

declared dead by the doctors. Poulose (PW.1), father of the

deceased lodged an F.I.R. on 2.6.2000 at 7.00 a.m. and it was

registered as Crime No. 242 of 2000. The inquest was

conducted on the same day and post mortem was conducted

on 3.6.2000, and the deceased was buried thereafter. Paily

(PW.21), the Deputy Superintendent of Police while conducting

the investigation of the case received information that just few

days prior to the incident the appellant had procured Cyanide,

thus, he was arrested on 26.6.2000. An alleged confessional

statement was made by the appellant that he had purchased

Sodium Cyanide from the shop of Xavior (PW.7), who was

dealing with jewellery as well as Sodium Cyanide. Xavior,

PW.7 made a statement that the appellant had procured 1 Kg.

Sodium Cyanide from him between 25.5.2000 and 27.5.2000.

3 The post mortem report revealed that Sweety died of Cyanide

poisoning. As per the statement of Omana Poulose (PW.9),

mother of the deceased Sweety, the poison was given to Sweety

by the appellant under the guise of giving her an ayurvedic

contraceptive medicine. Paily (PW.21), the Investigating Officer

completed the investigation and submitted a charge sheet

against the appellant for the offence under Section 302 of the

Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter called as `IPC'). The

appellant pleaded not guilty to the charge of murder and

claimed trial. The prosecution examined 21 witnesses in

support of its case. Appellant in his statement under Section

313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter

called as `Cr.P.C.') stated that he was innocent and there was

a possibility of the involvement of Benny (PW.10), who had

misbehaved with Sweety and had sexual intercourse with her

on 31.05.2000 when the couple was staying with him. More

so, Sweety might have committed suicide because of feelings of

guilt for that reason. The Trial Court dis-believed the

prosecution witnesses and acquitted the appellant vide

judgment and order dated 8.4.2003.

4

3. The High Court considered the submissions made by the

prosecution that the appreciation of evidence by learned

Sessions Judge was not proper one, thus, the findings of fact

recorded by the Trial Court were perverse. The circumstances

proved, ruled out the possibility of suicide. The medical

evidence proved beyond doubt that the deceased died of

Cyanide poisoning. Nobody except the appellant had procured

the Cyanide poison and the appellant had persuaded the

deceased Sweety to take it under the garb of it being an oral

contraceptive. There was no question of dis-believing all the

prosecution witnesses including the parents and sister of the

deceased, Sweety. Appellant was unhappy with the deceased

for her non-cooperation in carnal intercourse. Therefore, all

the circumstances necessary to record a finding of guilt

against the appellant stood proved by the prosecution. The

High Court, vide impugned judgment and order dated

5.8.2008, accepted the State's appeal and reversed the

judgment and order of acquittal dated 8.4.2003 passed by the

Trial Court. Hence, this appeal.

5

4. Shri Venkat Subramonium T.R., learned counsel

appearing for the appellant, has submitted that the High

Court should not have interfered with the judgment and order

of acquittal by the Trial Court in a routine manner. The

findings of the Trial Court could not be held to be perverse,

being based on irrelevant material i.e. evidence on record. The

Trial Court had rightly dis-believed the prosecution witnesses

as it had an opportunity to watch their demeanour in the

court, and to assess their credibility. The acquittal by the

Trial Court bolstered the presumption of innocence of the

appellant. However, the High Court erred gravely holding that

the circumstances pointed out to the guilt of the appellant and

no circumstance had been brought to the notice of the court

which was inconsistent with his guilt. More so, while

reversing the judgment of acquittal as recorded by the Trial

Court, the High Court imposed a fine of Rs. 1,00,000/-

(Rupees one lac) on the appellant which was totally

unwarranted. There was no direct evidence in the case. It was

a case of circumstantial evidence, thus, the prosecution had to

establish the motive for crime. The test for proving a case of

6 circumstantial evidence stands entirely on a different footing,

than a case of direct evidence. The judgment of Trial Court

did not warrant any interference. Appeal has merit and

deserves to be allowed.

5. Per contra, Shri R. Sathish, learned counsel appearing

for the State has vehemently opposed the appeal contending

that no one else except the appellant had an opportunity to

commit the offence as he was fully aware that Cyanide is used

for purification and colouring of gold jewellery and he

succeeded in procuring Sodium Cyanide from Xavior (PW.7).

The Trial Court had wrongly dis-believed all the prosecution

witnesses. The High Court had re-appreciated the entire

evidence and recorded a finding of guilt which does not

warrant interference by this Court. Appeal lacks merit and is

liable to be dismissed.

6. We have considered the rival submissions made by

learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.

7 LEGAL ISSUES:

(I) Appeal against Acquittal :

7. This court time and again has laid down the guidelines

for the High Court to interfere with the judgment and order of

acquittal passed by the Trial Court.

The appellate court should not ordinarily set aside a

judgment of acquittal in a case where two views are possible,

though the view of the appellate court may be more, the

probable one. While dealing with a judgment of acquittal, the

appellate court has to consider the entire evidence on record,

so as to arrive at a finding as to whether the views of the trial

Court were perverse or otherwise unsustainable. The

appellate court is entitled to consider whether in arriving at a

finding of fact, the trial Court had failed to take into

consideration admissible evidence and/or had taken into

consideration the evidence brought on record contrary to law.

Similarly, wrong placing of burden of proof may also be a

subject matter of scrutiny by the appellate court. (Vide Balak

Ram v. State of U.P. AIR 1974 SC 2165; Shambhoo Missir &

8 Anr. v. State of Bihar AIR 1991 SC 315; Shailendra Pratap &

Anr. v. State of U.P. AIR 2003 SC 1104; Narendra Singh v.

State of M.P. (2004) 10 SCC 699; Budh Singh & Ors. v. State

of U.P. AIR 2006 SC 2500; State of U.P. v. Ramveer Singh

AIR 2007 SC 3075; S. Rama Krishna v. S. Rami Reddy (D)

by his LRs. & Ors. AIR 2008 SC 2066; Arulvelu & Anr. Vs.

State (2009) 10 SCC 206; Perla Somasekhara Reddy & Ors.

v. State of A.P. (2009) 16 SCC 98; and Ram Singh alias

Chhaju v. State of Himachal Pradesh (2010) 2 SCC 445).

8. In Sheo Swarup and Ors. v. King Emperor AIR 1934 PC

227, the Privy Council observed as under:

"...the High Court should and will always give proper weight and consideration to such matters as (1) the views of the trial Judge as to the credibility of the witnesses, (2) the presumption of innocence in favour of the accused, a presumption certainly not weakened by the fact that he has been acquitted at his trial, (3) the right of the accused to the benefit of any doubt, and (4) the slowness of an appellate court in disturbing a finding of fact arrived at by a Judge who had the advantage of seeing the witnesses...."

9 9. The aforesaid principle of law has consistently been

followed by this Court. (See: Tulsiram Kanu v. The State AIR

1954 SC 1; Balbir Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1957 SC 216;

M.G. Agarwal v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1963 SC 200;

Khedu Mohton & Ors. v. State of Bihar AIR 1970 SC 66;

Sambasivan and Ors. v. State of Kerala (1998) 5 SCC 412;

Bhagwan Singh and Ors. v. State of M.P. (2002) 4 SCC 85;

and State of Goa v. Sanjay Thakran and Anr. (2007) 3 SCC

755).

10. In Chandrappa and Ors. v. State of Karnataka (2007) 4

SCC 415, this Court reiterated the legal position as under:

"(1) An appellate court has full power to review, re-appreciate and reconsider the evidence upon which the order of acquittal is founded.

(2) The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 puts no limitation, restriction or condition on exercise of such power and an appellate court on the evidence before it may reach its own conclusion, both on questions of fact and of law.

(3) Various expressions, such as, "substantial and compelling reasons", "good and sufficient grounds", "very strong circumstances", "distorted conclusions", "glaring mistakes", etc. are not intended to curtail extensive powers of

1 an appellate court in an appeal against acquittal. Such phraseologies are more in the nature of "flourishes of language" to emphasise the reluctance of an appellate court to interfere with acquittal than to curtail the power of the court to review the evidence and to come to its own conclusion.

(4) An appellate court, however, must bear in mind that in case of acquittal, there is double presumption in favour of the accused. Firstly, the presumption of innocence is available to him under the fundamental principle of criminal jurisprudence that every person shall be presumed to be innocent unless he is proved guilty by a competent court of law. Secondly, the accused having secured his acquittal, the presumption of his innocence is further reinforced, reaffirmed and strengthened by the trial court.

(5) If two reasonable conclusions are possible on the basis of the evidence on record, the appellate court should not disturb the finding of acquittal recorded by the trial court."

11. In Ghurey Lal v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2008) 10 SCC

450, this Court re-iterated the said view, observing that the

appellate court in dealing with the cases in which the trial

courts have acquitted the accused, should bear in mind that

the trial court's acquittal bolsters the presumption that he is

innocent. The appellate court must give due weight and

1 consideration to the decision of the trial court as the trial

court had the distinct advantage of watching the demeanour of

the witnesses, and was in a better position to evaluate the

credibility of the witnesses.

12. In State of Rajasthan v. Naresh @ Ram Naresh (2009) 9

SCC 368, the Court again examined the earlier judgments of

this Court and laid down that an "order of acquittal should not

be lightly interfered with even if the court believes that there is

some evidence pointing out the finger towards the accused."

13. In State of Uttar Pradesh v. Banne alias Baijnath &

Ors. (2009) 4 SCC 271, this Court gave certain illustrative

circumstances in which the Court would be justified in

interfering with a judgment of acquittal by the High Court. The

circumstances includes:

i) The High Court's decision is based on totally erroneous view of law by ignoring the settled legal position;

ii) The High Court's conclusions are contrary to evidence and documents on record;

1 iii) The entire approach of the High Court in dealing with the evidence was patently illegal leading to grave miscarriage of justice;

iv) The High Court's judgment is manifestly unjust and unreasonable based on erroneous law and facts on the record of the case;

v) This Court must always give proper weight and consideration to the findings of the High Court;

vi) This Court would be extremely reluctant in interfering with a case when both the Sessions Court and the High Court have recorded an order of acquittal.

14. A similar view has been reiterated by this Court in

Dhanapal v. State by Public Prosecutor, Madras (2009) 10

SCC 401.

15. Thus, the law on the issue can be summarised to the

effect that in exceptional cases where there are compelling

circumstances, and the judgment under appeal is found to be

perverse, the appellate court can interfere with the order of

acquittal. The appellate court should bear in mind the

presumption of innocence of the accused and further that the

trial Court's acquittal bolsters the presumption of his

innocence. Interference in a routine manner where the other

1 view is possible should be avoided, unless there are good

reasons for interference.

16. The findings of fact recorded by a court can be held to be

perverse if the findings have been arrived at by ignoring or

excluding relevant material or by taking into consideration

irrelevant/inadmissible material. The finding may also be said

to be perverse if it is "against the weight of evidence", or if the

finding so outrageously defies logic as to suffer from the vice of

irrationality. (Vide Rajinder Kumar Kindra v. Delhi

Administration AIR 1984 SC 1805; H.B. Gandhi & Ors. v.

Gopi Nath & Sons 1992 supp. (2) SCC 312; Triveni Rubber &

Plastics v. Collector of Central Excise, Cochin AIR 1994 SC

1341; Gaya Din (D) thr. Lrs. & Ors. v. Hanuman Prasad (D)

thr. Lrs. & Ors. AIR 2001 SC 386; Aruvelu & Anr. (Supra);

and Gamini Bala Koteswara Rao & Ors. v. State of Andhra

Pradesh thr. Secretary (2009) 10 SCC 636).

17. In Kuldeep Singh v. Commissioner of Police & Ors. AIR

1999 SC 677, this Court held that if a decision is arrived at

on the basis of no evidence or thoroughly unreliable evidence

1 and no reasonable person would act upon it, the order would

be perverse. But if there is some evidence on record which is

acceptable and which could be relied upon, the conclusions

would not be treated as perverse and the findings would not

be interfered with.

(II) Case of Circumstantial Evidence :

18. In Krishnan v. State represented by Inspector of

Police (2008) 15 SCC 430, this Court after considering large

number of its earlier judgments observed as follows:

"This Court in a series of decisions has consistently held that when a case rests upon circumstantial evidence, such evidence must satisfy the following tests:

(i) the circumstances from which an inference of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and firmly established;

(ii) those circumstances should be of definite tendency unerringly pointing towards guilt of the accused;

(iii) the circumstances, taken cumulatively, should form a chain so complete that there is no escape from the conclusion that with all human probability the crime was committed by the accused and none else; and

(iv) the circumstantial evidence in order to sustain conviction must be complete and

1 incapable of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of the guilt of the accused and such evidence should not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused but should be inconsistent with his innocence. (See Gambhir v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1982 SC 1157)".

19. In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra

AIR 1984 SC 1622, while dealing with circumstantial evidence,

it has been held that the onus was on the prosecution to prove

that the chain is complete and the infirmity or lacuna in

prosecution cannot be cured by false defence or plea. The

conditions precedent before conviction could be based on

circumstantial evidence, must be fully established. They are :

(i) the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established. The circumstances concerned `must or should' and not `may be' established;

(ii) the facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused, that is to say, they should not be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty;

(iii) the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency;

(iv) they should exclude every possible hypothesis except the one to be proved; and

(v) there must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the

1 innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability the act must have been done by the accused.

20. A similar view has been re-iterated by this Court in State

of U.P. v. Satish, (2005) 3 SCC 114; and Pawan v. State of

Uttaranchal (2009) 15 SCC 259.

21. In Subramaniam v. State of Tamil Nadu, (2009) 14 SCC

415, while considering the case of dowry death, this

Court observed that the fact of living together is a strong

circumstance but that by alone in absence of any

evidence of violence on the deceased cannot be held to be

conclusive proof, and there must be some evidence to

arrive at a conclusion that the husband and husband

alone was responsible therefor. The evidence produced by

the prosecution should not be of such a nature that may

make the conviction of the appellant unsustainable. (See

Ramesh v. State of Rajasthan (2009) 12 SCC 603).

(III) Motive in cases of Circumstantial Evidence 1

22. In State of Uttar Pradesh v. Kishan Pal & Ors., (2008)

16 SCC 73, this Court examined the importance of motive in

cases of circumstantial evidence and observed:

".......the motive is a thing which is primarily known to the accused themselves and it is not possible for the prosecution to explain what actually promoted or excited them to commit the particular crime. The motive may be considered as a circumstance which is relevant for assessing the evidence but if the evidence is clear and unambiguous and the circumstances prove the guilt of the accused, the same is not weakened even if the motive is not a very strong one. It is also settled law that the motive loses all its importance in a case where direct evidence of eyewitnesses is available, because even if there may be a very strong motive for the accused persons to commit a particular crime, they cannot be convicted if the evidence of eyewitnesses is not convincing. In the same way, even if there may not be an apparent motive but if the evidence of the eyewitnesses is clear and reliable, the absence or inadequacy of motive cannot stand in the way of conviction."

23. This Court has also held that the absence of motive in a

case depending on circumstantial evidence is a factor that

weighs in favour of the accused. (vide: Pannayar v. State of

Tamil Nadu by Inspector of Police, (2009) 9 SCC 152).

(IV) Burden of Proof and Doctrine of Innocence 1

24. Every accused is presumed to be innocent unless the

guilt is proved. The presumption of innocence is a human

right. However, subject to the statutory exceptions, the said

principle forms the basis of criminal jurisprudence. For this

purpose, the nature of the offence, its seriousness and gravity

thereof has to be taken into consideration. The courts must

be on guard to see that merely on the application of the

presumption, the same may not lead to any injustice or

mistaken conviction. Statutes like Negotiable Instruments Act,

1881; Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988; and Terrorist and

Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987, provide for

presumption of guilt if the circumstances provided in those

Statutes are found to be fulfilled and shift the burden of proof

of innocence on the accused. However, such a presumption

can also be raised only when certain foundational facts are

established by the prosecution. There may be difficulty in

proving a negative fact. However, in cases where the statute

does not provide for the burden of proof on the accused, it

always lies on the prosecution. It is only in exceptional

circumstances, such as those of statutes as referred to

1 hereinabove, that the burden on proof is on the accused. The

statutory provision even for a presumption of guilt of the

accused under a particular statute must meet the tests of

reasonableness and liberty enshrined in Articles 14 and 21 of

the Constitution. (Vide: Hiten P. Dalal v. Bratindranath

Banerjee, (2001) 6 SCC 16; Narendra Singh v. State of M.P.,

AIR 2004 SC 3249; Rajesh Ranjan Yadav v. CBI, AIR 2007

SC 451; Noor Aga v. State of Punjab & Anr., (2008) 16 SCC

417; and Krishna Janardhan Bhat v. Dattatraya G. Hegde,

AIR 2008 SC 1325).

INSTANT CASE:

25. The instant case requires to be examined in the light of

the aforesaid settled legal propositions.

The incident occurred within a very short span of time

after the marriage of the deceased with the appellant. They got

married on 15.5.2000 and went to Ollur for two days and

came back to Chalakudy, the house of the deceased. On

19.5.2000, they went to Kozhikode, house of Benny (PW.10),

2 and returned on 22.5.2000. The deceased appeared in the

examination of B.Com 2nd Year on 23.5.2000. The appellant

stayed with his brother at Ollur on 26th/27th May, 2000 as he

was not feeling well. Omana Poulose (PW.9), mother of the

deceased had gone to his brother's house on 27.5.2000 to

know the health condition of the appellant's mother as she

was suffering from cancer and was to be operated on

30.5.2000. At the instance of the deceased and Omana

Poulose, (PW.9), the appellant along with deceased Sweety

attended the marriage of Benny (PW.10) on 31.5.2000 at

Kozhikode. Immediately after the marriage of Benny (PW.10),

his wife Seethal had gone to her parents' house as there was

some problem because it was a love marriage and her family

members were not happy with the marriage and did not

participate in the marriage on 31.5.2000. When the appellant

and deceased Sweety were staying with Benny (PW.10), the

appellant had taken liquor and had gone outside to make a

call to his employer in the Gulf and when he came back after

some time he saw the deceased and Benny (PW.10) in a

compromising position and did not like the situation.

2 Therefore, the appellant confronted deceased Sweety and she

had told him that Benny (PW.10) had forcibly done it. All

these explanations had been furnished by the appellant in his

statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C.

26. In the opinion of Dr. V.K. Ramankutty (PW.17), Sweety

died of Hydro Cyanic Acid. The said witness also opined that

anti-mortem injuries found on the body of Sweety could be

caused on contact with the rough surface on falling after

consumption of the poison and peeling of cuticle might have

been due to fall of vomitus containing cyanide as cyanide is a

corrosive substance.

27. There is no direct evidence whatsoever regarding taking

or administering the poison. Prosecution's case had been that

the appellant had persuaded deceased Sweety, to take an

ayurvedic contraceptive medicine and under that guise he had

given her Sodium Cyanide. Omana Poulose (PW.9) and Sini

(PW.2), mother and sister of deceased Sweety deposed that

there were three calls from outside by the appellant to Sweety

just to know as to whether she had taken the said medicine.

2 As per their evidence, two of the said three telephone calls i.e.

1st and 3rd calls were attended to by the deceased, Sweety. In

the first call, the appellant had scolded the deceased for not

taking a bath. When the appellant called the second time, he

was informed that the deceased was taking a bath and he

disconnected the phone. In the final call, the deceased spoke

to the appellant and subsequently, she informed her mother

that the appellant had called to check if she was going to sleep

and whether she had taken the contraceptive medicine before

sleeping. In her evidence, Omana Poulose (PW.9) further

stated that the deceased had whispered to herself "Why a

person who has gone to bed is called back and told again to

sleep". The Trial Court has observed that this would indicate

that as per the prosecution's version of events, the deceased

had already taken the medicine containing Cyanide before

attending the third call. From the evidence of Dr. V.K.

Ramankutty, Professor of Forensic Medicine (PW.17), it is clear

that Sodium Cyanide is a highly corrosive substance and even

the fall of vomitus containing the same is sufficient to cause

the peeling of a person's cuticles. He has even stated that

2 death from Cyanide poisoning generally occurs within 10-20

minutes of consumption of the poison. This being the case, if

deceased Sweety had already taken Sodium Cyanide before

attending the third call, she should have been in severe

difficulties at that time. By the time, she attended the last

call, she should have vomited already and corrosion would

have already occurred in her mouth. But nothing of that sort

had occurred. The High Court disbelieved the version of

events described by the appellant in his statement made

under Section 313 Cr.P.C., wherein, he stated that the

deceased Sweety might have taken cyanide from the Almirah

of Benny (PW.10). The High Court observed that had she taken

the cyanide at Benny's residence at Kozhikode "she would

have died within a few minutes." The Trial Court came to the

finding of fact that this aspect of the prosecution's case had

not been sufficiently established. The High Court failed to

notice this finding of the Trial Court.

28. The evidence given by the Telephone Booth Operator,

Krishnan (PW.14) had been to the extent that the appellant

2 had gone to his booth and telephoned someone. He stated

that he could only be sure that the accused had come once or

twice around the incident. He further stated that normally the

people dial the telephone on their own and that there was a

separation between his seat and the place from where the

appellant had made the phone call. Consequently, both the

Trial Court and the High Court came to the conclusion that

the evidence offered by Krishnan (PW.14) was not reliable.

The High Court, however, stated that there was no reason to

disbelieve the prosecution's version that the appellant had

called at the residence of the deceased thrice on the evening of

the date of incident as this has been established by the

evidence of Sini (PW.2) and Omana Poulose (PW.9). The High

Court did not see any reason to disbelieve the evidence of Sini

(PW.2) and Omana Poulose (PW.9) in this regard. The High

Court failed to notice the observation of the Trial Court that

Sini (PW.2) and Omana Poulose (PW.9) both were sister and

mother of the deceased Sweety and had inimical feelings

towards the appellant since they have come to the conclusion

that the appellant was responsible for her death and their

2 deposition had material improvements from their statements

recorded during investigation.

The Trial Court had further observed that there was a

further irregularity surrounding the investigation into the

alleged phone calls. In his evidence, Krishnan (PW.14) has

stated that the telephone booth was computerised and that

there would have been records of the phone calls that had

been made on the given day (indicating what time, the calls

had been made and to what phone number, they had been

made). The Investigating Officer made no attempt to recover

the said records nor did he make an attempt to examine the

employer of Krishnan (PW.14), who received a copy of these

records every month. The High Court has failed to notice the

above-said observations of the Trial Court. Krishnan (PW.14)

was examined by the police on 17.6.2000 when he stated:

"In a day an average of 70 to 80 persons may come there to make telephone calls. On such time it was computerized. Once a person makes a call, the other number to where the call is received would be recorded in the computer. The direction and charge would also be recorded in that ..... I did not say to police

2 that before first accused came there one or two times to make telephone call. The dates before that he came to make telephone could not be remembered. It was in the evening. I could not remember the time."

It is strange that Paily (PW.21), the Investigating Officer

did not make any reference at any stage to Krishnan (PW.14)

in his evidence before the court. In case, the High Court as

well as the trial Court found Krishnan (PW.14) to be unreliable

and Paily (PW.21), the I.O. did not make any reference to

Krishnan (PW.14), nor any record of the computerised call

sheet was produced in evidence, only the statements of Sini

(PW.2) and Omana Poulose (PW.9) existed to further the

prosecution's theory that the appellant made three phone calls

on the day of the incident. Sini (PW.2) and Omana Poulose

(PW.9) might have an inimical attitude towards the appellant

after thinking that appellant was responsible for Sweety's

death. The prosecution has failed to establish that the

appellant made three phone calls to the residence of the

deceased prior to the incident.

2

29. We are of the opinion that all of the aforesaid

circumstances raise great doubts about the prosecution's

theory regarding the three phone calls by the appellant to the

residence of the deceased on the evening of the incident, being

an indication of the anxiety of the appellant. Thus, the very

genesis of the case stands falsified.

30. Admittedly, the appellant and deceased were staying with

Benny (PW.10) on 30-31.5.2000. Omana Poulose, mother of

the deceased (PW.9), had given two-three calls but Benny

(PW.10) did not talk to her and the explanation given by the

appellant was that as Benny (PW.1) had mis-behaved with

Sweety, she might have telephoned her mother. Thus, Omana

Poulose (PW.9), wanted to talk to Benny (PW.10) seeking his

explanation, though, the deceased told her mother (PW.9) that

Benny (PW.10) was not there. However, Benny (PW.10) had

deposed in his examination that he was there, but outside the

house. No explanation was furnished by Benny (PW.10) as to

why he did not want to talk to Omana Poulose (PW.9).

2

31. It is in evidence that the appellant had purchased a huge

quantity (1 Kg.) of Sodium Cyanide on 26th/27th May, 2000,

from Xavior (PW.7). Namdev (PW12) stated that it was known

to Jaison (PW.4) who had asked him for cyanide for one of his

friends. Namdev (PW.12) did not name the appellant at all. It

is nobody's case that the appellant has any type of

acquaintance with Xavior (PW.7). According to Xavior (PW.7),

he was running an institution, namely, C.P. Sons Engraving

and Electroplating. Appellant had met him twice in the last

week of May, 2000 and asked him for 1 kg. Sodium Cyanide

as he had started a jewellery shop. The witness gave him 1

Kg. sodium cyanide after taking the payment. He was

interrogated by the police after a month. The witness has

admitted that he had no licence to deal with sodium cyanide

and was not maintaining any account/record of its sale. It was

a totally illegal activity on his part. He was not able to explain

what was the source of supply to him. He simply stated that

he used to purchase it from Tamilians. Xavior (PW.7)

supplied 1 Kg. sodium cyanide to the appellant without

making a receipt. He could not reveal the amount he had

2 taken. It is strange that a dealer, indulging in an illegal

business has trusted an unknown person and supplied him

such a huge quantity of sodium cyanide without verifying

whether he had a jewellery shop or not. The Trial Court had

rightly disbelieved him as such a conduct is against normal

human behaviour and, particularly, when Xavior (PW.7) has

himself stated that he used to give sodium cyanide only to

known persons having jewellery shop. Other witnesses,

particularly, Jaison (PW.4) and Davis (PW.5), deposed that the

appellant had told them that he wanted to purchase Sodium

Cyanide for killing the stray dogs on the streets. Further, the

appellant was an employee of Alukkas Jewellery which had

branches in Kerala and he could have easily procured the

Sodium Cyanide from there .

32. There is ample evidence on record to show that Jaison

(PW.4), Davis (PW.5) and Namdev (PW.12) were known to and

friends of Benny (PW.10). Benny (PW.10) had himself indulged

in the business of cleaning and colouring jewellery, and thus,

knew how to use Sodium Cyanide. To kill a person, a small

3 quantity of a few milligrams is enough. This means that as per

the prosecution's case, almost an entire one kilogram of

sodium cyanide should have still been with the appellant. In

this context it is pertinent to note that no recovery of Sodium

Cyanide had been made from the accused. Nor has there been

any recovery of the remaining amount of the ayurvedic

contraceptive medicine that the appellant was alleged to have

mixed the cyanide in. In the instant case, the inquest was

conducted on 2.6.2000 by L.K. Somanathan, Tahsildar

(PW.18) and the clothes worn by the deceased were preserved

which included Churidar Bottom (M.O.1), Bathing Towel

(M.O.2), Chuddy (M.O.3), Brasiere (M.O.4) and Churidar Top

(M.O.5). There is no explanation by the prosecution as to why

only Churidar Top (M.O.5) alone was sent for medical analysis

As per the chemical analyst report in respect of Churidar Top

(M.O.5), a yellowish water soluble material (stain) was found.

However, it does not lead to the inference that M.O.5

contained any evidence of having Cyanide. Dr. V.K.

Ramankutty (PW.17) has stated that Sodium Cyanide is water

soluble and since a water soluble stain was found on the

3 Churidar Top, on chemical examination Sodium Cyanide could

have been detected.

33. It is evident from the record that Benny (PW.10) was not

known to the deceased, Sweety or any of her family members

before Sweety's marriage. The record reveals that Smt. Omana

Poulose (PW.9), mother of the deceased had been in contact of

Benny (PW.10) continuously. In spite of the fact that Benny

(PW.10) did not talk to her in spite of two-three calls on

31.5.2000 when appellant and Sweety were staying with him,

on the date of incident, Smt. Omana Poulose (PW.9) still

telephoned Benny (PW.10) at about mid-night and informed

him about the unfortunate incident. It is even admitted by

Benny (PW.10) in his examination-in-chief that on the same

night Sweety's mother telephoned him and told that Sweety

was not getting up even after they had tried their best to wake

her. After opening the door, Babu, the appellant and his

father-in-law took her to the hospital. Immediately after

receiving a telephone call at mid-night, Benny (PW.10) had left

for Chalakudy from Kozhikode and had reached Thrissur. He

3 telephoned and came to know that Sweety had died. No

explanation could be furnished by Omana Poulose (PW.9),

mother of the deceased as to what was the occasion to inform

Benny (PW.10) at mid-night except that he was a good friend

of the appellant. Undoubtedly, there were good relations

between the two, otherwise the appellant could not have gone

to his house just after the marriage and could not have

attended the wedding of Benny (PW.10) leaving his mother,

who was suffering from cancer, in the hospital. However, it is

also on record that Benny (PW.10) had taken loan from the

appellant and two cheques issued by Benny (PW.10) had

bounced and some complaints were also pending between the

parties.

34. On the fateful night, when Sweety had been taken to the

hospital, the house of Omana Poulose (PW.9) remained open

and a large number of persons visited the house. Fr. Johnson

G. Alappat (PW.8), the Priest had come about 12.30 at night

and he was the first person to see the glass with white

material on Almirah. The inquest in the case started on next

3 day. As per Fr. Johnson Alappat (PW.8), it was a white colour

material, but the analyst's report reveal that it was a yellowish

colour. Two glasses and a container etc. were recovered and

they were marked as MOs. 4, 6, and 8. The recovery was made

on 2.6.2000. Admittedly, the said material was produced

before the Magistrate in Court only on 8.6.2000. Therefore, it

remained in the custody of Investigating Officer for 6 days.

There is no evidence on record to show that said material had

been kept under the sealed cover. According to the deposition

of Fr. Johnson G. Alappat (PW.8), the room was open and a

large number of persons i.e. about 25 persons were there. He

was informed by Sini (PW.2), sister of the deceased Sweety

about the three phone calls made by the appellant on that

day. He deposed that the appellant had talked to him for

about half an hour and disclosed that "he loved one Della and

hence, it was the cause of Sweety's death." In fact, it also

came i=n evidence that the said Della was the daughter of the

appellant's elder brother and was only 8 years old at the time

of the incident. Fr. Johnson G. Alappat (PW.8) admitted that

in order to find out the truth and take proper action against

3 the culprit in this case an "Action Council" was formed under

his patronage. He further deposed as under:

"I informed the police that Sweety and Babu were at Kozhikkode for seven days. I informed the S.P. that there is something to suspect about that. I informed the Dy. S.P. that I knew during the time of inquest there were seven injuries on Sweety's body. I doubted it happened during the time of the Kozhikkode journey. I told the police that this aspect is not clear. I doubted that at Kozhikkode Sweety was harassed physically and mentally and in order to hide it, somebody might have done something."

It is apparent that the role of Fr. Johnson G. Alappat

(PW.8) was not such that may inspire confidence. Instead, he

gave a new theory from his own imagination as it was nobody's

case that the couple stayed at Kozhikode for seven days. Had

it been so, four injuries on the face, at least, could have been

noticed by her family members just on her arrival. Medical

evidence has been that injuries found on the person of the

deceased could be caused because of fall after consumption of

cyanide.

3 The Trial Court dis-believed Sini (PW.2), the sister and

Omana Poulose (PW.9), mother of the deceased taking into

consideration the fact that they and had made improvements

to the extent that their statements were inconsistent with the

statement recorded by the I.O. under Section 161 Cr.P.C. The

well reasoned judgment of the Trial Court has been reversed

by the High Court without giving proper reasoning and

without realising that it was a case of circumstantial evidence.

No motive was attributed except that Benny (PW.10) had

deposed that appellant was not satisfied with the sexual

behaviour of Sweety deceased.

While the High Court was satisfied with this alleged

motive, it failed to notice the glaring contradiction that

surrounded it. On the one hand, the prosecution's case alleges

that the motive behind the appellant's murder of his deceased

wife was that she was refusing to have sexual relations with

him. On the other hand, the prosecution's case is that the

deceased, Sweety, was taking an ayurvedic contraceptive at

the behest of the appellant. There is absolutely no explanation

3 that has been provided for why the deceased, Sweety, would

have taken a contraceptive if she was not having sexual

relations with her husband or anyone else. In any event, it

should be noted that the judgment of the trial court found that

Benny (PW.10) also stated in his testimony that the deceased,

Sweety, had agreed to have intercourse with the appellant.

The couple could live together only for a period of two weeks,

such a short span of time is not enough to record a finding on

personal relations between husband and wife. Even otherwise,

if the deceased Sweety had such attitude, she could have told

her mother Omana Poulose (PW.9), on being asked by her, as

to what precaution she had been taking for avoiding

pregnancy. In view of such material contradictions in the case

of the prosecution, we are of the opinion that the prosecution

has been unable to establish a motive in the instant case.

35. In view of the fact that Benny (PW.10) had developed

intimacy with the deceased Sweety and her mother and while

travelling in a car he had fed Sweety with his hands while the

appellant was asleep and there had been some untoward

3 incident about which the appellant had confronted the

deceased, the possibility of some involvement of Benny

(PW.10) cannot be ruled out or it could also cause

embarrassment to deceased. In a case of circumstantial

evidence, motive must be established at least to certain extent.

Had there been a motive on the part of the appellant to get rid

of deceased and he had purchased the Sodium Cyanide on

26th/27th May, 2000, from Xavior (PW.7), it is difficult to

believe that he was waiting upto 1.6.2000 and that he would

have advised his wife to take the Cyanide under the guise of

an Ayurvedic contraceptive medicine at the residence of her

parents.

36. The Trial Court had doubts regarding the veracity of the

depositions of Jaison (PW.4), Davis (PW.5), and Xavior (PW.7),

being friends of Benny (PW.10). The Trial Court, in fact, had

an advantage to watch the demeanour of the witness and was

in a better position to evaluate their credibility. Thus, the High

court ought not to have reversed the judgment of the Trial

Court. The High Court observed as under:

3

".....that it was the accused and the accused only who could have caused her to take the poison. The above circumstances clearly point only to the guilt of the accused and no circumstance has been brought to our notice, which is inconsistent with his guilt.....". (emphasis added)

In fact, the High Court has erred in emphasising that

onus to prove his innocence was on the appellant. It could not

be the requirement of law. In fact the prosecution has to prove

its case beyond reasonable doubt. In the case of

circumstantial evidence the burden on prosecution is always

greater.

37. In view of the above, the judgment and order of the High

Court impugned herein dated 5.8.2008 in Criminal

Appeal No.908 of 2004 is hereby set aside and judgment

and order of the Trial Court dated 8.4.2003 is restored.

The appellant be released forthwith if he is in custody

and not wanted in any other case. The appeal is allowed

accordingly.

3 ..................................J. (P. SATHASIVAM)

..................................J. New Delhi, (Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN) August 11, 2010

4