Ankit Mishra vs The State Of Madhya Pradesh

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO(s). __________ OF 2025 (Arising out of SLP(Crl.) No(s). 14566 of 2024)

ANKIT MISHRA ... APPELLANT

VERSUS

THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & ANR. ...RESPONDENTS

JUDGMENT

PRASHANT KUMAR MISHRA, J.

Leave granted.

2. The appellant/de facto complainant has challenged the

impugned judgment and final order dated 10.04.2024 passed Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by VARSHA MENDIRATTA

by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh in MCRC No. 11000 of Date: 2025.04.17 15:13:40 IST Reason:

2024 wherein the High Court has allowed anticipatory bail 2

under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 19731 to

respondent no. 2 (Abdul Razzak) in connection with FIR No.

176 of 2023 registered at P.S. Omti, Distt. Jabalpur under

Sections 195A, 294 and 506 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.2

3. Briefly stated, the factual matrix of the case is that at

around 1.00 P.M on 30.03.2023, the appellant went to Victoria

Hospital along with his friend (Sandeep Dubey) for a checkup.

Respondent No. 2 happened to be in the hospital premises at

the same time for his MLC in connection with some other

criminal case. On seeing the appellant, respondent no. 2

became agitated and started hurling obscene abuses, using

derogatory language and extended death threats to the

appellant telling him to withdraw the complaint lodged by him

against respondent no. 2 and to change his testimony failing

which the appellant and his family members would not be

spared. On appellant’s complaint, the subject FIR was

registered on the same day i.e. 30.03.2023. His statement

under Section 164 Cr.P.C was also recorded wherein the

appellant reiterated the allegations against respondent no. 2.

1 ‘Cr.P.C.’ 2 ‘IPC’ 3

4. It is the case of the appellant that respondent no. 2 is a

known gangster and habitual offender operating in and around

Jabalpur having 58 members in his gang. Documents to this

effect have been filed along with this appeal. There are 45

FIRs registered against him, therefore, the High Court ought

not to have exercised the discretion of allowing the benefit of

anticipatory bail in favour of a habitual offender. Respondent

No. 2 is also convicted and awarded imprisonment of 02 years

in a case arising out of FIR No. 41 of 1996 registered at P.S.

Madan Mahal, Jabalpur and that he has committed several

other offences of similar nature akin to the present one. It is

also highlighted that respondent no. 2 may misuse his liberty

by indulging in similar activities considering his track record.

Therefore, respondent no. 2 is not entitled for anticipatory

bail.

5. Per contra, learned counsel for respondent no. 2 would

submit that the High Court has dealt with the criminal history

of respondent no. 2 and yet concluded that the present is a fit

case for his release on anticipatory bail. It is submitted that

most of the criminal cases were registered during the period 4

from 1991 to 2012 for which the respondent no. 2 has either

been acquitted or released on bail. There was no FIR against

him during the period from 2012 to 2021. However, from

26.08.2021 onwards other FIRs were registered against

respondent no. 2 including a case under National Security Act.

However, the said proceedings under National Security Act

have been quashed by this Court in Special Leave Petition

(Crl.) No. 8597 of 2012 vide order dated 31.01.2013.

6. Mr. K.M. Nataraj, learned ASG appearing for the State of

Madhya Pradesh would vehemently submit that considering

the criminal history of respondent no. 2 the High Court ought

not to have allowed the prayer for grant of anticipatory bail.

However, he would fairly submit that the special leave petition

(Crl.) No. 14223 of 2024 preferred by the State of Madhya

Pradesh against the present impugned order has already been

dismissed by this Court vide order dated 15.10.2024.

7. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and

perused the material on record.

5

8. Before proceeding to deal with the merits of the case it

would be appropriate to bear in mind the law laid down by this

Court in the matter of Deepak Yadav vs. State of Uttar

Pradesh & Anr.3 as to when bail once granted should be

cancelled by the same Court or by the higher Court. The

following is held in paras 31 to 36:

“31. This Court has reiterated in several instances that bail once granted, should not be cancelled in a mechanical manner without considering whether any supervening circumstances have rendered it no longer conducive to a fair trial to allow the accused to retain his freedom by enjoying the concession of bail during trial. Having said that, in case of cancellation of bail, very cogent and overwhelming circumstances are necessary for an order directing cancellation of bail (which was already granted).

32. A two-Judge Bench of this Court in Dolat Ram v. State of Haryana, (1995) 1 SCC 349 :

1995 SCC (Cri) 237] laid down the grounds for cancellation of bail which are:

(i) interference or attempt to interfere with the due course of administration of justice;

(ii) evasion or attempt to evade the due course of justice;

(iii) abuse of the concession granted to the accused in any manner;

(iv) possibility of the accused absconding;

3 (2022) 8 SCC 559 6

(v) likelihood of/actual misuse of bail;

(vi) likelihood of the accused tampering with the evidence or threatening witnesses.

33. It is no doubt true that cancellation of bail cannot be limited to the occurrence of supervening circumstances. This Court certainly has the inherent powers and discretion to cancel the bail of an accused even in the absence of supervening circumstances. Following are the illustrative circumstances where the bail can be cancelled:

33.1. Where the court granting bail takes into account irrelevant material of substantial nature and not trivial nature while ignoring relevant material on record.

33.2. Where the court granting bail overlooks the influential position of the accused in comparison to the victim of abuse or the witnesses especially when there is prima facie misuse of position and power over the victim. 33.3. Where the past criminal record and conduct of the accused is completely ignored while granting bail.

33.4. Where bail has been granted on untenable grounds.

33.5. Where serious discrepancies are found in the order granting bail thereby causing prejudice to justice.

33.6. Where the grant of bail was not appropriate in the first place given the very serious nature of the charges against the accused which disentitles him for bail and thus cannot be justified.

33.7. When the order granting bail is apparently whimsical, capricious and perverse in the facts of the given case.

34. In Neeru Yadav v. State of U.P., (2014) 16 SCC 508 : (2015) 3 SCC (Cri) 527], the 7

accused was granted bail by the High Court. In an appeal against the order [Mitthan Yadav v. State of U.P., 2014 SCC Online All 16031] of the High Court, a two-Judge Bench of this Court examined the precedents on the principles that guide grant of bail and observed as under : (SCC p. 513, para 12) “12. … It is well settled in law that cancellation of bail after it is granted because the accused has misconducted himself or of some supervening circumstances warranting such cancellation have occurred is in a different compartment altogether than an order granting bail which is unjustified, illegal and perverse. If in a case, the relevant factors which should have been taken into consideration while dealing with the application for bail have not been taken note of or it is founded on irrelevant considerations, indisputably the superior court can set aside the order of such a grant of bail. Such a case belongs to a different category and is in a separate realm. While dealing with a case of second nature, the court does not dwell upon the violation of conditions by the accused or the supervening circumstances that have happened subsequently. It, on the contrary, delves into the justifiability and the soundness of the order passed by the court.” (emphasis supplied)

35. This Court in Mahipal [Mahipal v. Rajesh Kumar, (2020) 2 SCC 118 : (2020) 1 SCC (Cri) 558] held that : (SCC p. 126, para 17) “17. Where a court considering an application for bail fails to consider relevant factors, an appellate court may justifiably set aside the order granting bail. An appellate court is thus required to consider whether the order granting bail suffers from a non-application of mind or is not borne out from a prima facie 8

view of the evidence on record. It is thus necessary for this Court to assess whether, on the basis of the evidentiary record, there existed a prima facie or reasonable ground to believe that the accused had committed the crime, also taking into account the seriousness of the crime and the severity of the punishment.”

36. A two-Judge Bench of this Court in Prakash Kadam v. Ramprasad Vishwanath Gupta, (2011) 6 SCC 189 : (2011) 2 SCC (Cri) 848] held that : (SCC p. 195, paras 18-19) “18. In considering whether to cancel the bail, the court has also to consider the gravity and nature of the offence, prima facie case against the accused, the position and standing of the accused, etc. If there are very serious allegations against the accused, his bail may be cancelled even if he has not misused the bail granted to him. …

19. In our opinion, there is no absolute rule that once bail is granted to the accused then it can only be cancelled if there is likelihood of misuse of bail. That factor, though no doubt important, is not the only factor. There are several other factors also which may be seen while deciding to cancel the bail.”

9. Reverting back to the present case, the High Court has

dealt with the previous criminal cases registered against

respondent no. 2. The High Court has also considered the

facts and circumstances including the allegations in the

present case. The alleged offences in the present FIR are all

triable by Judicial Magistrate, First Class. None of the offences 9

would carry sentence of more than seven years. The previous

offence in relation to which respondent no. 2 has extended

threats constituting the present offence is also triable by

Judicial Magistrate, First Class, hence, the present offences

would also be triable by Judicial Magistrate, First Class in

terms of Section 195A of the IPC. Thus, the present offence is

not triable by Sessions and does not carry sentence more than

seven years. Respondent no. 2 is in jail in connection with

some other offences. However, still, he was allowed

anticipatory bail in the present case because he has not been

arrested by the concerned police in the present case and it

appears that if he is released on bail in other cases, he may

be arrested in the present case also so as to keep him in jail.

10. Having given anxious consideration to the arguments

placed by both the sides, we are of the considered view that

the view taken by the High Court to release respondent no. 2

on anticipatory bail does not suffer from any fundamental

error of law. It is not a case where respondent no. 2 has been

released on anticipatory bail in a heinous offence. True it is

that ordinarily habitual offender ought not to be released on 10

bail in a routine manner, however, in the case at hand, the

High Court has elaborately dealt with the cases against

respondent no. 2. Once the benefit of anticipatory bail has

been given by the High Court, the consideration for its

cancellation has to be tested on the anvil as to whether the

High Court has committed any serious error in law while

granting anticipatory bail in the facts and circumstances of the

case. In our view, had it been a case where respondent no. 2

is alleged to have committed any heinous offence, the

consideration would have been different but as noted infra the

offences are triable by Judicial Magistrate, First Class.

Therefore, we are not inclined to interfere with the order

passed by the High Court. Accordingly, the appeal is

dismissed.

However, considering the criminal record of respondent

no. 2, it is directed that as and when he is released on bail in

other cases, he shall report to the concerned police station on

1st or 2nd day of every month during the pendency of the trial

and shall not be involved in any other criminal activity failing

which it will remain open for the appellant or the first 11

respondent/State of Madhya Pradesh to move before the High

Court for cancellation of bail granted to respondent no. 2.

………………………………………J. (SANJAY KAROL)

.......……………………………….J. (PRASHANT KUMAR MISHRA) NEW DELHI;

APRIL 17, 2025.